21,202 research outputs found
MUSE CSP: An Extension to the Constraint Satisfaction Problem
This paper describes an extension to the constraint satisfaction problem
(CSP) called MUSE CSP (MUltiply SEgmented Constraint Satisfaction Problem).
This extension is especially useful for those problems which segment into
multiple sets of partially shared variables. Such problems arise naturally in
signal processing applications including computer vision, speech processing,
and handwriting recognition. For these applications, it is often difficult to
segment the data in only one way given the low-level information utilized by
the segmentation algorithms. MUSE CSP can be used to compactly represent
several similar instances of the constraint satisfaction problem. If multiple
instances of a CSP have some common variables which have the same domains and
constraints, then they can be combined into a single instance of a MUSE CSP,
reducing the work required to apply the constraints. We introduce the concepts
of MUSE node consistency, MUSE arc consistency, and MUSE path consistency. We
then demonstrate how MUSE CSP can be used to compactly represent lexically
ambiguous sentences and the multiple sentence hypotheses that are often
generated by speech recognition algorithms so that grammar constraints can be
used to provide parses for all syntactically correct sentences. Algorithms for
MUSE arc and path consistency are provided. Finally, we discuss how to create a
MUSE CSP from a set of CSPs which are labeled to indicate when the same
variable is shared by more than a single CSP.Comment: See http://www.jair.org/ for any accompanying file
The Plains of Mars, European War Prints, 1500-1825
Over fifty original prints by renowned artists from the sixteenth through the early nineteenth century, including Albrecht DĂŒrer, Lucas Cranach, ThĂ©odore GĂ©ricault, and Francisco de Goya, among many others, are featured inThe Plains of Mars: European War Prints, 1500-1825. On loan from the Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, the works of art included in this exhibition examine the topics of war and peace, propaganda, heroism, brutal conflicts, and the harrowing aftermath of battle. Spanning from the Renaissance to the Romantic periods and encompassing a wide geographic scope including Italy, Germany, France, Spain, the Low Countries, England, and North America, the prints depict triumphant Renaissance soldiers, devastating scenes of violence, and satirical caricatures of political figures. Also on display is Goyaâs compelling âDisasters of Warâ series, completed in response to the brutality of the Spanish War of Independence. Goyaâs prints serve as a powerful testament to the horrors faced by both soldiers and civilians. Under the direction of Professor Felicia Else and Shannon Egan, Melissa Casale â19 and Bailey Harper â19 have researched and written didactic labels, catalogue essays, and created an interactive digital interface to complement the exhibition. Together, Melissa and Bailey will lead public tours of the exhibition. A Gallery Talk by Prof. Peter Carmichael will draw connections between the depictions of warfare on view in the Gallery with representations of the American Civil War. James Clifton, Director of the Sarah Campbell Blaffer Foundation at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, will be delivering a lecture in conjunction with the exhibition. Dr. Clifton, who also serves as curator of Renaissance and Baroque painting at MFAH, curated the exhibition in its first iteration and wrote the exhibition catalogue (published by Yale University Press). Dr. Cliftonâs lecture not only will provide an overview of the exhibition, but also will focus on the concept of âmediated war.â A full-color catalogue with images and essays by Bailey Harper â19 and Melissa Casale â19, under the supervision of Profs. Felicia Else and Shannon Egan, is planned to accompany the exhibition.https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/artcatalogs/1028/thumbnail.jp
Morse matchings on polytopes
We show how to construct homology bases for certain CW complexes in terms of
discrete Morse theory and cellular homology. We apply this technique to study
certain subcomplexes of the half cube polytope studied in previous works. This
involves constructing explicit complete acyclic Morse matchings on the face
lattice of the half cube; this procedure may be of independent interest for
other highly symmetric polytopes
The MMT API: A Generic MKM System
The MMT language has been developed as a scalable representation and
interchange language for formal mathematical knowledge. It permits natural
representations of the syntax and semantics of virtually all declarative
languages while making MMT-based MKM services easy to implement. It is
foundationally unconstrained and can be instantiated with specific formal
languages.
The MMT API implements the MMT language along with multiple backends for
persistent storage and frontends for machine and user access. Moreover, it
implements a wide variety of MMT-based knowledge management services. The API
and all services are generic and can be applied to any language represented in
MMT. A plugin interface permits injecting syntactic and semantic idiosyncrasies
of individual formal languages.Comment: Conferences on Intelligent Computer Mathematics (CICM) 2013 The final
publication is available at http://link.springer.com
Propagation of the First Flames in Type Ia Supernovae
We consider the competition of the different physical processes that can
affect the evolution of a flame bubble in a Type Ia supernovae -- burning,
turbulence and buoyancy. Even in the vigorously turbulent conditions of a
convecting white dwarf, thermonuclear burning that begins at a point near the
center (within 100 km) of the star is dominated by the spherical laminar
expansion of the flame, until the burning region reaches kilometers in size.
Consequently flames that ignite in the inner ~20 km promptly burn through the
center, and flame bubbles anywhere must grow quite large--indeed, resolvable by
large-scale simulations of the global system--for significant motion or
deformation occur. As a result, any hot-spot that successfully ignites into a
flame can burn a significant amount of white dwarf material. This potentially
increases the stochastic nature of the explosion compared to a scenario where a
simmering progenitor can have small early hot-spots float harmlessly away.
Further, the size where the laminar flame speed dominates other relevant
velocities sets a characteristic scale for fragmentation of larger flame
structures, as nothing--by definition--can easily break the burning region into
smaller volumes. This makes possible the development of semi-analytic
descriptions of the earliest phase of the propagation of burning in a Type Ia
supernovae, which we present here. Our analysis is supported by fully resolved
numerical simulations of flame bubbles.Comment: 33 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Chromatic transit light curves of disintegrating rocky planets
Context. Kepler observations have revealed a class of short period
exoplanets, of which Kepler-1520 b is the prototype, which have comet-like dust
tails thought to be the result of small, rocky planets losing mass. The shape
and chromaticity of the transits constrain the properties of the dust particles
originating from the planet's surface, offering a unique opportunity to probe
the composition and geophysics of rocky exoplanets.
Aims. We aim to approximate the average Kepler long-cadence light curve of
Kepler-1520 b and investigate how the optical thickness and transit
cross-section of a general dust tail can affect the observed wavelength
dependence and depth of transit light curves.
Methods. We developed a new 3D model that ejects sublimating particles from
the planet surface to build up a dust tail, assuming it to be optically thin,
and used 3D radiative transfer computations that fully treat scattering using
the distribution of hollow spheres (DHS) method, to generate transit light
curves between 0.45 and 2.5 m.
Results. We show that the transit depth is wavelength independent for
optically thick tails, potentially explaining why only some observations
indicate a wavelength dependence. From the 3D nature of our simulated tails, we
show that their transit cross-sections are related to the component of particle
ejection velocity perpendicular to the planet's orbital plane and use this to
derive a minimum ejection velocity of 1.2 kms. To fit the average
transit depth of Kepler-1520 b of 0.87%, we require a high dust mas-loss rate
of 7 80 M Gyr which implies planet lifetimes that may be
inconsistent with the observed sample. Therefore, these mass-loss rates should
be considered to be upper limits.Comment: 22 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in A&
The Cerebellum and SIDS: Disordered Breathing in a Mouse Model of Developmental Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Loss during Recovery from Hypercarbia.
The cerebellum assists coordination of somatomotor, respiratory, and autonomic actions. Purkinje cell alterations or loss appear in sudden infant death and sudden death in epilepsy victims, possibly contributing to the fatal event. We evaluated breathing patterns in 12 wild-type (WT) and Lurcher mutant mice with 100% developmental cerebellar Purkinje cell loss under baseline (room air), and recovery from hypercapnia, a concern in sudden death events. Six mutant and six WT mice were exposed to 4-min blocks of increasing CO2 (2, 4, 6, and 8%), separated by 4-min recovery intervals in room air. Breath-by-breath patterns, including depth of breathing and end-expiratory pause (EEP) durations during recovery, were recorded. No baseline genotypic differences emerged. However, during recovery, EEP durations significantly lengthened in mutants, compared to WT mice, following the relatively low levels of CO2 exposure. Additionally, mutant mice exhibited signs of post-sigh disordered breathing during recovery following each exposure. Developmental cerebellar Purkinje cell loss significantly affects compensatory breathing patterns following mild CO2 exposure, possibly by inhibiting recovery from elevated CO2. These data implicate cerebellar Purkinje cells in the ability to recover from hypercarbia, suggesting that neuropathologic changes or loss of these cells contribute to inadequate ventilatory recovery to increased environmental CO2. Multiple disorders, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), appear to involve both cardiorespiratory failure and loss or injury to cerebellar Purkinje cells; the findings support the concept that such neuropathology may precede and exert a prominent role in these fatal events
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Fish oil (n-3 fatty acids) in drug resistant epilepsy: a randomised placebo-controlled crossover study.
Backgroundn-3 fatty acids inhibit neuronal excitability and reduce seizures in animal models. High-dose fish oil has been explored in two randomised trials in drug resistant epilepsy with negative results. We performed a phase II randomised controlled crossover trial of low-dose and high-dose fish oil in participants with drug resistant epilepsy to explore whether low-dose or high-dose fish oil reduces seizures or improves cardiovascular health.MethodsRandomised placebo-controlled trial of low-dose and high-dose fish oil versus placebo (corn oil, linoleic acid) in 24 participants with drug resistant epilepsy. A three-period crossover design was utilised lasting 42â
weeks, with three 10-week treatment periods and two 6-week washout periods. All participants were randomised in double-blind fashion to receive placebo, high dose or low dose in different sequences. The primary outcome was per cent change in total seizure frequency.FindingsLow-dose fish oil (3 capsules/day, 1080â
mg eicosapentaenoic acid+docosahexaenoic acid) was associated with a 33.6% reduction in seizure frequency compared with placebo. Low-dose fish oil was also associated with a mild but significant reduction in blood pressure. High-dose fish oil was no different than placebo in reducing seizures or improving cardiac risk factors.InterpretationIn this phase II randomised crossover trial, low-dose fish oil was effective in reducing seizures compared with placebo. The magnitude of improvement is similar to that of recent antiepileptic drug trials in drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). The results indicate that low-dose fish oil may reduce seizures and improve the health of people with epilepsy. These findings justify a large multicentre randomised trial of low-dose fish oil (n-3 fatty acids <1080â
mg/day) in drug resistant epilepsy.Trial registration numberNCT00871377
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