The COD Reduction of Wastewater Using Oxyl

The main objective of this work was to investigate the effectiveness of oxyl in removing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater. Oxyl is a strong oxidizing solution generated by the electrolysis of w = 1 % NaCl brine solution from the well of the positive electrode in an electrolysing apparatus. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trap technique showed that several free radical species, with high oxidation potential, are present in oxyl solution. Experimental oxidations of industrial wastewater polluted by surfactants were performed using oxyl (in the laboratory) and industrial scale yielding a COD reduction of up to 70 %. The implementation of wastewater treatment using oxyl in an industrial plant may considerably reduce the water pollution tax that companies are paying for wastewater discharge. An economic feasibility study of the investment was performed, which indicated the good economic potential of the procedure

The COD Reduction of Wastewater Using Oxyl

The main objective of this work was to investigate the effectiveness of oxyl in removing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from wastewater. Oxyl is a strong oxidizing solution generated by the electrolysis of w = 1 % NaCl brine solution from the well of the positive electrode in an electrolysing apparatus. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trap technique showed that several free radical species, with high oxidation potential, are present in oxyl solution. Experimental oxidations of industrial wastewater polluted by surfactants were performed using oxyl (in the laboratory) and industrial scale yielding a COD reduction of up to 70 %. The implementation of wastewater treatment using oxyl in an industrial plant may considerably reduce the water pollution tax that companies are paying for wastewater discharge. An economic feasibility study of the investment was performed, which indicated the good economic potential of the procedure

Elektrolizirana oksi dirajoča voda-biocid nove generacije

The contemporary cattle farming and food processing industry are fields where more and more attention is drawn to the reliability of controlling in the process of the food production. Ensuring safe food influences the health of people, too. Inappropriate sanitary procedures increase the possibility for microorganisms to develop resistance to disinfectives. Disinfectants are expected to have a wide range of activities on microorganisms, to be instantly effective in low concentrations in the presence of inpurities, not to effect the surfaces they are desinfecting, not to leave any residues and to be non-toxic. The market has a new thing to offer, namely a new generation of biocide from the group of electrolyzed oxidised water (NEOW) which combines a whole range of properties of the ideal biocid due to the activity it has on microorganisms. It has a unique way of working; namely by depriving electrones from prokaryotic cells it causes their destruction and stays harmless to the environment. The advantages that are composed in the NEOW drove us to the decision to test its effects during the food processing in a poultry slaghterhouse. The way of applying the biocide solution was by cold dispersing at 50 per cent concentration and applying it on the surface in the quantity of 10 ml/m2. The success of disinfection was evaluated by swabbing the surfaces of the equipment in the working area and by monitoring the test microorganisms that were exposed to the cold dispersion of the biocid solution. The results show a reliable decrease in the microorganisms after being treated by the cold NEOW dispersion, since no microorganisms were detected after 30 minutes (>l3 CFU/cm2). It was found out that the number of microorganisms can decrease by more than 6,0 log10 CFU/cm2. According to the characteristics of the NEOW and the findings of the experiment, we think that a research should be made also on the field of the cattle farming as well as studying the possibilities of using it in cases of outbreaks of infectious diseases

Surface deposited one-dimensional copper-doped TiO2 nanomaterials for prevention of health care acquired infections

Bacterial infections acquired in healthcare facilities including hospitals, the so called healthcare acquired or nosocomial infections, are still of great concern worldwide and represent a significant economical burden. One of the major causes of morbidity is infection with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which has been reported to survive on surfaces for several months. Bactericidal activity of copper-TiO2 thin films, which release copper ions and are deposited on glass surfaces and heated to high temperatures, is well known even when illuminated with very weak UVA light of about 10 μW/cm2. Lately, there is an increased intrerest for one-dimensional TiO2 nanomaterials, due to their unique properties, low cost, and high thermal and photochemical stability. Here we show that copper doped TiO2 nanotubes produce about five times more ·OH radicals as compared to undoped TiO2 nanotubes and that effective surface disinfection, determined by a modified ISO 22196:2011 test, can be achieved even at low intensity UVA light of 30 μW/cm2. The nanotubes can be deposited on a preformed surface at room temperature, resulting in a stable deposition resistant to multiple washings. Up to 103 microorganisms per cm2 can be inactivated in 24 hours, including resistant strains such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli (E. coli ESBL). This disinfection method could provide a valuable alternative to the current surface disinfection methods

Quintessential inflation: A unified scenario of inflation and dark energy

Quintessential inflation unifies inflation and late time acceleration by a single scalar field. Such a scenario, with canonical and non-canonical scalar fields, has been discussed. The scalar field behaves as an inflaton field during inflation and as a quintessence field during late time. Also the predictions of the models has been compared with the recent Planck data

Neurotoxicity of bupivacaine and liposome bupivacaine after sciatic nerve block in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Background: Long-acting local anaesthetics (e.g. bupivacaine hydrochloride) or sustained-release formulations of bupivacaine (e.g. liposomal bupivacaine) may be neurotoxic when applied in the setting of diabetic neuropathy. The aim of the study was to assess neurotoxicity of bupivacaine and liposome bupivacaine in streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic mice after sciatic nerve block. We used the reduction in fibre density and decreased myelination assessed by G-ratio (defined as axon diameter divided by large fibre diameter) as indicators of local anaesthetic neurotoxicity. Results: Diabetic mice had higher plasma levels of glucose (P < 0.001) and significant differences in the tail flick and plantar test thermal latencies compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). In both diabetic and nondiabetic mice, sciatic nerve block with 0.25% bupivacaine HCl resulted in a significantly greater G-ratio and an axon diameter compared to nerves treated with 1.3% liposome bupivacaine or saline (0.9% sodium chloride) (P < 0.01). Moreover, sciatic nerve block with 0.25% bupivacaine HCl resulted in lower fibre density and higher large fibre and axon diameters compared to the control (untreated) sciatic nerves in both STZ-induced diabetic (P < 0.05) and nondiabetic mice (P < 0.01). No evidence of acute or chronic inflammation was observed in any of the treatment groups. Conclusions: In our exploratory study the sciatic nerve block with bupivacaine HCl (7 mg/kg), but not liposome bupivacaine (35 mg/kg) or saline, resulted in histomorphometric indices of neurotoxicity. Histologic findings were similar in diabetic and healthy control mice