Tunnel valleys of the central and northern North Sea (56°N to 62°N): Distribution and characteristics

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. The analysis of buried tunnel valleys in the North Sea can provide information about the past configuration and dynamics of the Scandinavian and British ice sheets and the processes by which sediment and meltwater were transported at the ice-sheet base. However, little is presently known about the distribution and characteristics of tunnel valleys in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. Here we use an extensive database of 3D seismic and high-resolution magnetic data to map >2200 tunnel valleys in the Norwegian and British sectors of the North Sea between 56°N and 62°N. With the exception of the deep Norwegian Channel, in which evidence for tunnel valleys is absent, the geological setting of the North Sea is interpreted to have been conducive to tunnel-valley formation and preservation because of its poorly consolidated substrate and shallow water depths. The highest density of tunnel valleys is located in the central part of the North Sea where Quaternary sediments are thickest. The extreme length of some of the tunnel valleys, which are up to 155 km long, supports theories that tunnel valleys form in stages rather than catastrophically. Detailed analysis of the orientation of tunnel valleys and their relative age relationships within four representative subareas shows that tunnel-valley orientation varies significantly across the central and northern North Sea and between different generations of valleys. This suggests that the pattern of subglacial meltwater drainage in the central and northern North Sea was different between each deglacial event in which tunnel valleys were formed

En eksklusiv markedsplan for Studio Jobbsprek.

Vi har i denne oppgaven utarbeidet en markedsplan for Studio Jobbsprek i Oslo. De er et luksustreningssenter som tilbyr hard og svært tilrettelagt trening med en totalopplevelse. Kontakt med Frode Raunehaug, som er en av innehaverne på Studio Jobbsprek, var med bakgrunn i gammel kjennskap mellom et av gruppemedlemmene og han. Studio Jobbsprek sitt lokale ligger i dag på Aker Brygge. Utfordringen de har stått ovenfor er å skape et kjennskap og tilegne seg flere medlemmer blant økonomieliten, uten en markedsplan. Med et så spesielt konsept uten noen spesiell markedsføring, så vi en mulighet for å lage en markedsplan som kunne konkretiseres i forhold til bacheloroppgavens omfang. I tre år har vi på Markedshøyskolen fått pensum og erfaringer, som vi bruker nå for å kunne forme denne markedsplanen. Studio JobbSprek ønsker å øke antall kunder og ha kundelojalitet hos sine medlemmer. Derfor formuleres problemstillingen som : ”Hvilke faktorer er viktig for Studio Jobbsprek å fokusere på, for å kunne øke antall medlemmer og ha kundelojalitet hos sine kunder?” Ved å lage en markedsplan som fokuserer på aktiviteter og tiltak med bakgrunn i et CRM-system, tar vi sikte på å kunne svare denne problemstillingen. Som en bacheloroppgave, kan den videre strukturen anses å bestå i tre deler. Teoridel, metode og markedsplan. I teoridelen har vi definert hva en markedsplan er. Gjennom en situasjonsanalyse vil vi avdekke bedriftens styrker og svakheter, trusler og muligheter i markedet som vil resultere i en SWOT-analyse. Denne er oppsummert i markedsplanen. I metodedelen tar vi for oss undersøkelsesprosessen fra problemstillingen til analyseringen av innsamlet data. Det er dette som danner grunnlag for markedsplanen. Til slutt har vi utarbeidet en markedsplan med bakgrunn i teori og resultater fra metode. Her har vi kommet med de viktigste punktene for hvordan Studio Jobbsprek skal kunne øke antall medlemmer, og ha kundelojalitet hos sine kunder. Vi konkluderer ved å besvare problemstillingen og komme med anbefalinger

Intention to Change Dietary Habits, and Weight Loss Among Norwegian-Pakistani Women Participating in a Culturally Adapted Intervention

The aim was to explore the relationships between degree of participation in a culturally adapted lifestyle intervention and stages of change for healthy eating and weight loss among Pakistani immigrant women in Norway. The intervention lasted 7 months and included 198 women, randomized into control and intervention groups. The odds of losing weight from baseline to follow-up, and being in action stages of change (compared to pre-action stages) with regard to intake of amount and type of fat, sugar and white flour at follow-up, increased significantly with number of group sessions attended. Those in action stage of reducing intake of fat and increasing intake of vegetables, as well as of reducing weight, were significantly more likely than others to have experienced weight loss at follow-up. Participation in the culturally adapted intervention was related to increase in intentions to change dietary behaviours and to weight loss

Bacterial community diversity and variation in spray water sources and the tomato fruit surface

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tomato (<it>Solanum lycopersicum</it>) consumption has been one of the most common causes of produce-associated salmonellosis in the United States. Contamination may originate from animal waste, insects, soil or water. Current guidelines for fresh tomato production recommend the use of potable water for applications coming in direct contact with the fruit, but due to high demand, water from other sources is frequently used. We sought to describe the overall bacterial diversity on the surface of tomato fruit and the effect of two different water sources (ground and surface water) when used for direct crop applications by generating a 454-pyrosequencing 16S rRNA dataset of these different environments. This study represents the first in depth characterization of bacterial communities in the tomato fruit surface and the water sources commonly used in commercial vegetable production.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The two water sources tested had a significantly different bacterial composition. Proteobacteria was predominant in groundwater samples, whereas in the significantly more diverse surface water, abundant phyla also included Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. The fruit surface bacterial communities on tomatoes sprayed with both water sources could not be differentiated using various statistical methods. Both fruit surface environments had a high representation of Gammaproteobacteria, and within this class the genera <it>Pantoea </it>and <it>Enterobacter </it>were the most abundant.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Despite the major differences observed in the bacterial composition of ground and surface water, the season long use of these very different water sources did not have a significant impact on the bacterial composition of the tomato fruit surface. This study has provided the first next-generation sequencing database describing the bacterial communities living in the fruit surface of a tomato crop under two different spray water regimes, and therefore represents an important step forward towards the development of science-based metrics for Good Agricultural Practices.</p

Applications of Canonical Transformations

Canonical transformations are defined and discussed along with the exponential, the coherent and the ultracoherent vectors. It is shown that the single-mode and the $n$-mode squeezing operators are elements of the group of canonical transformations. An application of canonical transformations is made, in the context of open quantum systems, by studying the effect of squeezing of the bath on the decoherence properties of the system. Two cases are analyzed. In the first case the bath consists of a massless bosonic field with the bath reference states being the squeezed vacuum states and squeezed thermal states while in the second case a system consisting of a harmonic oscillator interacting with a bath of harmonic oscillators is analyzed with the bath being initially in a squeezed thermal state.Comment: 14 page