One pot synthesis of 3-(1<i>H</i>-imidazo[4,5-<i>f</i>]quinolin-2-yl)-chromen-2-one under microwave irradiation

417-419Rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of imidazoquinolinyl- chromen-2-ones under microwave (MW) irradiation is described. A comparative study of conventional and MW methods is briefly discussed

Management and Processing of Palm Oil (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em> Jacq): The Crop for Future

India is one of the largest producers and consumers of edible oils and fats in the world. It contributes to about 7–8% of the world’s oilseeds and 6–7% of the global vegetable oils and is the fifth largest edible oil economy in the world. Even though India occupies a prominent position in the global oilseed production, its average yield for major oilseeds is 40–60% below the world average and has been growing at a slow pace. India is having rich agroecological diversity and is ideally suited for growing all major oil seed crops. It is reported that India excessively import edible oil such as palm oil from Malaysia and Indonesia and soybean oil from Argentina because the average yield of many of these oil seed crops is very low, compared to other crops like palm oil. This stressful situation is further aggravated by some traders who indulge in malpractices of adulteration of these oils with cheaper oils and synthetic colors for economic benefit. This chapter discusses the state-of-the-art of crop management and processing of palm oil, which is considered as the future crop

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Not AvailableA study was undertaken to find out the effect of nitrogen and spacing on Maroi Napakpi (Allium hookeri Thw.) with three levels of nitrogen and six levels of spacing. Though higher growth was recorded with 75 kg/ ha nitrogen (N3), higher marketable leaves per plant and leaf yield was recorded with 60 kg/ ha nitrogen (N2) during the first year and 75 kg/ ha in the second year. Closer spacing (S1) recorded lengthier and narrow leaves than in wider spacing (S6). However, higher weight of the leaf was recorded in wider spacing (S6) than closer spacing (S1). Higher number of marketable leaves per plant was recorded in wider spacing (S6) and lower number of leaves in closure spacing (S1). Though higher leaf yield (16.7 t/ ha) was recorded in N2 during first year, N3 recorded higher yield (44.2 t/ ha) in second year may be due to increased number of suckers during the second year. Closure spacing (S1) recorded higher leaf yield. Highest leaf yield of 61.1 t/ ha was recorded with 75 kg/ ha nitrogen at S1 in the second year. Although higher number of marketable leaves per plant and hence yield was observed with increased spacing yet it could not compensate the yield gain due to more plant population.Not Availabl

Synthesis of 2, 3-diphenyl-5-methyl-6-aroylbenzo[1,2-<i>b</i>:5,4-<i>b</i>']difurans under PTC conditions and their anti-microbial activity

479-4832, 3-Diphenyl-6-hydroxybenzofuran 1 and 2, 3-diphenyl-5-acetyl-6-hydroxybenzofuran 3 have been synthesized under microwave irradiation. 2,3-Diphenyl-5-acetyl-6-aroylbenzo[1 ,2-b:5,4-b']difurans 5a-h and 6a-e have been synthesized from the reaction of 3 and phenacyl bromides 4a-h under PTC conditions using TBAHS4 (Tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulphate) as a catalyst in good yields. The compounds 5a-h and 6a-e have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Compounds 5b and 5e have shown maximum inhibitory activity against E. coli and S. aureus, while compounds 5b, 5e-g and 6a show maximum spore germination inhibition against Fusarium moniforme

Prospective study of pulse therapy in childhood pemphigus disorders

Background: Pemphigus disorders are a group of immunobullous diseases affecting skin and/or mucus membranes. Dexamethasone cyclophosphamide pulse (DCP)/dexamethasone only pulse (DOP) therapy has shown promising results in the management of pemphigus group of diseases in adults. Aim: To evaluate the outcome of pulse therapy (PT) in pediatric cases diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Materials and Methods: Prospective study of 12 pediatric cases of PV from 2010 to 2015 and treated with PT in Gandhi Hospital. The patients were treated with DOP therapy, with a dose of 50 mg of dexamethasone in 250 ml of 5% dextrose in pediatric patients below the age of 12 years and 100 mg of dexamethasone in 500 ml of 5% dextrose for above 12 years, for three consecutive days. No interpulse steroids or rituximab were given to any patients in our study. Results: Out of 12 cases, 10 were female and 2 were male children. Four cases were below the age of 12 years and 8 cases were above the age of 12 years. The lowest age was 11 years female and highest age was 16 years male child. Average duration of illness is between 4 and 6 months. Six cases completed three phases, four cases were in phase II cycle 7, and two cases were in phase IV. In majority of cases clinical improvement was observed between 2 and 4 pulses in phase I. No significant adverse effects were observed in any case except in two cases who developed headache, shivering, and nausea in first one to two pulses of phase I and managed conservatively. Conclusion: Our study shows that PT gives good response in the management of pemphigus in children, in terms of remission and side effects. There was no significant major adverse effect as observed in adults. In low-resource centers such as government institution, PT would be one option. Further studies and long-term follow-up are required to weigh the risks and benefits of PT in pediatric age group