39,139 research outputs found
HEER: Hybrid Energy Efficient Reactive Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of numerous sensors which send sensed
data to base station. Energy conservation is an important issue for sensor
nodes as they have limited power.Many routing protocols have been proposed
earlier for energy efficiency of both homogeneous and heterogeneous
environments. We can prolong our stability and network lifetime by reducing our
energy consumption. In this research paper, we propose a protocol designed for
the characteristics of a reactive homogeneous WSNs, HEER (Hybrid Energy
Efficient Reactive) protocol. In HEER, Cluster Head(CH) selection is based on
the ratio of residual energy of node and average energy of network. Moreover,
to conserve more energy, we introduce Hard Threshold (HT) and Soft Threshold
(ST). Finally, simulations show that our protocol has not only prolonged the
network lifetime but also significantly increased stability period.Comment: 2nd IEEE Saudi International Electronics, Communications and
Photonics Conference (SIECPC 13), 2013, Riyadh, Saudi Arabi
SIMPLE: Stable Increased-throughput Multi-hop Protocol for Link Efficiency in Wireless Body Area Networks
In this work, we propose a reliable, power efficient and high throughput
routing protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). We use multi-hop
topology to achieve minimum energy consumption and longer network lifetime. We
propose a cost function to select parent node or forwarder. Proposed cost
function selects a parent node which has high residual energy and minimum
distance to sink. Residual energy parameter balances the energy consumption
among the sensor nodes while distance parameter ensures successful packet
delivery to sink. Simulation results show that our proposed protocol maximize
the network stability period and nodes stay alive for longer period. Longer
stability period contributes high packet delivery to sink which is major
interest for continuous patient monitoring.Comment: IEEE 8th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless
Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA'13), Compiegne, Franc
M-ATTEMPT: A New Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks
In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol for heterogeneous Wireless
Body Area Sensor Networks (WBASNs); Mobility-supporting Adaptive
Threshold-based Thermal-aware Energy-efficientMulti-hop ProTocol (M-ATTEMPT). A
prototype is defined for employing heterogeneous sensors on human body. Direct
communication is used for real-time traffic (critical data) or on-demand data
while Multi-hop communication is used for normal data delivery. One of the
prime challenges in WBASNs is sensing of the heat generated by the implanted
sensor nodes. The proposed routing algorithm is thermal-aware which senses the
link Hot-spot and routes the data away from these links. Continuous mobility of
human body causes disconnection between previous established links. So,
mobility support and energy-management is introduced to overcome the problem.
Linear Programming (LP) model for maximum information extraction and minimum
energy consumption is presented in this study. MATLAB simulations of proposed
routing algorithm are performed for lifetime and successful packet delivery in
comparison with Multi-hop communication. The results show that the proposed
routing algorithm has less energy consumption and more reliable as compared to
Multi-hop communication.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1208.609
Client Satisfaction Towards Quality of Health Services: an Assessment at Primary Healthcare of District Gujranwala
This survey designed to evaluate the satisfaction level and the factors that affect the patient satisfaction regarding health care delivery services with the aim to improve the services in the primary health care settings of Gujranwala. A Cross Sectional Study done on randomly selected patients attending the basic health units of Gujranwala, with more than18 years of age. Pretested structured "Liker scale questionnaire" was used for data collection. Out of total respondents, 62 (41.3%) clients were satisfied with the services provided by the basic health units of Gujranwala. The factors identified to determine patient satisfaction were accessibility of services, behavior of staff, health education, level of cleanliness, drug availability and miscellaneous services. Not a single ranked area of satisfaction noticed. Client\u27s occupation and income had significant relationship with the patient satisfaction level. Gender, age, and education of clients were not contributing factors; they not affect the client satisfaction level.Less than half clients were satisfied with the services provided by the basic health units. Management of health facilities needs to improve the services
Analyzing Energy-efficiency and Route-selection of Multi-level Hierarchal Routing Protocols in WSNs
The advent and development in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in
recent years has seen the growth of extremely small and low-cost sensors that
possess sensing, signal processing and wireless communication capabilities.
These sensors can be expended at a much lower cost and are capable of detecting
conditions such as temperature, sound, security or any other system. A good
protocol design should be able to scale well both in energy heterogeneous and
homogeneous environment, meet the demands of different application scenarios
and guarantee reliability. On this basis, we have compared six different
protocols of different scenarios which are presenting their own schemes of
energy minimizing, clustering and route selection in order to have more
effective communication. This research is motivated to have an insight that
which of the under consideration protocols suit well in which application and
can be a guide-line for the design of a more robust and efficient protocol.
MATLAB simulations are performed to analyze and compare the performance of
LEACH, multi-level hierarchal LEACH and multihop LEACH.Comment: NGWMN with 7th IEEE Inter- national Conference on Broadband and
Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA 2012), Victoria,
Canada, 201
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