Soot and Fullerenes Formation in the Premixed Benzene-Oxygen Mixture in Electric Field at Low Pressure

Influence of the direct electric current of different polarity on flame forms, soot yield, parameters of soot samples micro crystals (Lа, Lc and d002) and soot particles sizes in intensity range from 0.5 to 20 kV at electrode systems «needle-plane» at combustion of benzene-oxygen mixture at the ratio С/О = 1.0 with addition of 10% volume of argon at pressure 40 Torr was investigated. It was found that at positive polarity action of electric field rises to such a degree that at U ≥ 10 kV it leads to flame extinction. It is shown that maximum decrease in soot yield is observed at negative polarity. It was found that intensity range of electric field in which soot yield was 10% more soot yield without applying electric field. It was shown that parameters of soot micro crystals on average remain constant irrespective of intensity andpolarity. Fullerenes С60, С70 and PAH were identified in the extracts of soot samples by the method of IR-spectroscopy

OBAINING AND RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES THE RESERVE CURRENT SOURCE ON THE BASIS OF ALUMIMUM AND ZINC

Alternative energy source requires the creation of new reserve materials, chemical current sources (HIT) and methods for the production and transmission of energy from its sources to consumption. Optimal designs and conditions for obtaining electrical energy from a backup current source based on pyrotechnic materials zinc and aluminum, which can be applied in the chemical and energy industries, have been developed. The physicochemical data of pyrotechnic compositions based on aluminum, zinc and polytetrafluorinethylenewere studied to calculate the thermal balance of the pyrotechnic reserve power source (PRPS) for practical needs. As a result of the experiment, a comparison of the pyrotechnic compositions based on magnesium and zinc was made and it was found that the compositions based on zinc work more stable and better

Synthesis of Superhydrophobic Carbon Surface during Combustion Propane

We synthesize and deposit carbon nanostructures through flame synthesis on silicon and nickel wafers at different nonpremixed flame locations to produce hydrophobic surfaces. The hydrophobicity is characterized through the contact angle for water droplets placed on the surface. The surface morphology of the nanoparticles is obtained from SEM images. The morphology and hydrohobicity of the nanostructured surfaces depends upon the deposition, which differs at various flame locations. We determine the optimum flame location for the synthesis and deposition of surface carbon nanostructures that lead to maximum hydrophobicity

SHS - Processes in the Carbonaceous Oxide System at High Nitrogen Pressure Values

This paper contains study results of the nitride containing composites features formed in the compacted Al-TiO2-C-Si samples inside a high pressure reactor with various nitrogen pressure values. The nitriding and carbide-formation processes take place simultaneously with aluminothermic reduction of titanium oxide in the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) mode. It has been found that the nitrogen pressure effect is manifested as insignificant reduction of the combustion temperature and increased durability of the synthesized composite. The SHS process in the nitric environment leads to practically complete reduction of titanium oxide, the free titanium being absent. The X-ray analysis has revealed that the basic SHS products are refractory compounds such as metal nitrides, carbides, and oxides. Increase in nitrogen pressure results in decrease of the specific electric resistance of the synthesized composites caused by growth of the electroconductive phases i.e. titanium carbides, nitrides, and silicides. Performed electron microscopic study including the energy dispersion analysis of the morphology and structure of the SHS products has revealed formation of the nano-sized titanium silicide crystals distributed between the complex carbonitride particles. The complex carbonitride composites synthesized in the high pressure reactor are of interest as highrefractory and abrasive materials considering their physical and chemical properties

Bio-composite Material on the Basis of Carbonized Rice Husk in Biomedicine and Environmental Applications

The future prospects for biomedical and environmental engineering applications of heterogeneous materials on the basis of nano-structured carbonized rice husk are studied. The use of the nano-structured carbonized sorbents as delivery vehicles for the oral administration of probiotic microorganisms has a very big potential for improving functionality, safety and stability of probiotic preparations. The other possible mechanism of nano-structured carbonized sorbents is wound healing activity; the results demonstrated that the use of this material may offer multiple specific advantages in topical wound management. For bioremediation purposes nano-structured carbonized sorbents can be applied as bio-composite sorbent with immobilized microbial consortium consisting of bacterial strains with high oil-oxidizing activity

Evaluation of Synthetic Conditions for H3PO4 Chemically Activated Rice Husk and Preparation of Honeycomb Monoliths

Activated carbons in this work were prepared from rice husk by phosphoric acid activation followed by alkaline desilication. Pseudo-random selection of 16 rice husk samples was subjected to carbonization at the following conditions: 0.5 to 2 h of activation time, 300-600 ºС and Н3РО4/precursor (wt/wt) impregnation ratio of 0.5 to 2. Concentration of NaOH desilication solution varied from 0.5 to 2M. It was found that out of the four factors impregnation ratio is clearly the strongest and at the impregnation ratio of 2 for 1 h at 500 °C N2 BET-surface area reaches 1690 m2/g (SBET (Ar)=2492 m2/g) while pore volume becomes 1.95 cm3/g. Elemental analysis showed highest carbon content for this sample (87.96%). All samples have insignificant amount of Si and traces of metals, but considerable amount of phosphorus. Blocks of honeycomb structure prepared from Ca-montmorillonite and desilicated carbonized rice husk (impregnation ratio is 1.5, 1 h at 600 ºC) have BET-surface area obtained by thermal desorption of argon up to 856 m2/g

Use of Carbonized Rise Shell for the Local Treatment of Wounds

On the model of musculocutaneous wound in rats, the effect of applicative sorption by carbonized rise shell (CRS) on the healing of festering wound was studied. It has been shown, that cytological changes end with rapid scar formation. The use of CRS at the period of severe purulent wound contributes to its favorable course, prevents the development of complications of the animals from sepsis