EEG calmness index establishment using computational of Z-score

A lot of useful information can be obtained through observation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal such as the human psychophysiology. It has been proven that EEG is handy in human diagnosis and tools to observe the brain condition. The study aims to establish a calmness index, which can differentiate the calmness level of an individual. Alpha waves were selected as the data features and computed into asymmetry index. The data features were clustered using Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and resulted in three clusters. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was applied to determine the significance of the data features clustered by FCM. The Z-score obtained successfully distinguish three level of calmness index from the lower index until the higher index. With the advancement of signal processing techniques, the feature extractions for calmness index establishment computation is achievable

Critical design factors on performance of car jack lifting operations

Car jack is an equipped accessory package in every units of car sold to customer that used to uplift the cars while replacing tires during an emergency or repair. The automotive manufacturers are actively conducting their Product Improvement Campaign and the objective of the campaign is to improve the quality of product sold to the customers. The current jack design has a possibility of failure during its operations. The customer satisfaction point of view will be converted to engineering characteristic to acquire the concept of design and input into new design proposal and at the same time eliminate the possibility of failure of the current design. The research is conducted to improve the current jack design on its performance in lifting operations. The scope of research is to identify the critical zone in jack design structure that possibly causing the failure during its operations. To optimize the existing design, it is proposed some modification on the jack structure with a minimum weight increment but improve the design structural strength. The failure root cause analysis, reliability test and Design Failure Mode and Effect Analysis have been used to identify the specific critical area in the structure and resolve them by proposing the new improved jack design. The current car jack sample in market is used as an industrial sample for design analysis to find the target area for further improvement. From the analysis, we can know the critical design factors in the current car jack design and the required design improvement to enhance its performance in lifting operations

Increasing T-method accuracy through application of robust M-estimatior

Mahalanobis Taguchi System is an analytical tool involving classification, clustering as well as prediction techniques. T-Method which is part of it is a multivariate analysis technique designed mainly for prediction and optimization purposes. The good things about T-Method is that prediction is always possible even with limited sample size. In applying T-Method, the analyst is advised to clearly understand the trend and states of the data population since this method is good in dealing with limited sample size data but for higher samples or extremely high samples data it might have more things to ponder. T-Method is not being mentioned robust to the effect of outliers within it, so dealing with high sample data will put the prediction accuracy at risk. By incorporating outliers in overall data analysis, it may contribute to a non-normality state beside the entire classical methods breakdown. Considering the risk towards lower prediction accuracy, it is important to consider the risk of lower accuracy for the individual estimates so that the overall prediction accuracy will be increased. Dealing with that intention, there exist several robust parameters estimates such as M-estimator, that able to give good results even with the data contain or may not contain outliers in it. Generalized inverse regression estimator (GIR) also been used in this research as well as Ordinary Lease Square Method (OLS) as part of comparison study. Embedding these methods into T-Method individual estimates conditionally helps in enhancing the accuracy of the T-Method while analyzing the robustness of T-method itself. However, from the 3 main case studies been used within this analysis, it shows that T-Method contributed to a better and acceptable performance with error percentages range 2.5% ~ 22.8% between all cases compared to other methods. M-estimator is proved to be sensitive with data consist of leverage point in x-axis as well as data with limited sample size. Referring to these 3 case studies only, it can be concluded that robust M-estimator is not feasible to be applied into T-Method as of now. Further enhance analysis is needed to encounter issues such as Airfoil noise case study data which T -method contributed to highest error% prediction. Hence further analysis need to be done for better result review

Distribution power loss minimization via distributed generation, capacitor and network reconfiguration

This paper presents a solution to solve the network reconfiguration, DG coordination (location and size) and capacitor coordination (location and size), simultaneously. The proposed solution will be determined by using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC). Various case studies are presented to see the impact on the test system, in term of power loss reduction and also voltage profiles. The proposed approach is applied to a 33-bus test system and simulate by using MATLAB programming. The simulation results show that combination of DG, capacitor and network reconfiguration gives a positive impact on total power losses minimization as well as voltage profile improvement compared to other case studies

Second derivative and contour analysis of PPG for diabetic patients

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases associated with the production and/or reaction of insulin leading to hyperglycemia. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level is generally measured for hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia and the duration of having diabetes are two factors that contribute to developing complications. A trend of increasing arterial stiffness has been identified in Type 2 diabetes. Photoplethysmograph (PPG) pulse wave provides a ‘window’ into the properties of small arteries whereas stiffening of these arteries will alter the PPG waveform. In this research, the potential of PPG in discriminating type 2 diabetic patients between two different levels of HbA1c has been investigated (diabetic patient with HbA1c 10% as unhealthy group). Contour analysis of PPG signal and second derivative photoplethysmograph (SDPPG) techniques have been used to identify the feasible parameter for this research. From this study, it shows that there is no significant difference for both group of diabetic patient for ratio of b/a, which extracted from SDPPG. The mean ratio for controlled group is 0.5692 and 0.6067 for unhealthy group, p=0.180. Other than that, the results show that there is a statistical significant different for the some variables extracted

An overview of Taguchi’ s T-Method as a prediction tool for multivariate analysis

Analysis of prediction has attracted considerable interest in various fields. Taguchi’s T-Method is a prediction method introduced by Genichi Taguchi in mid-year 2000, among several other Mahalanobis Taguchi system tools. It was explicitly created for the prediction of multivariate data. Taguchi's T-Method has shown that even with limited sample size, making a prediction based on historical data is possible. The key elements that have been adapted in reinforcing Taguchi’s TMethod robustness are by introducing the unit-space principle and adaptation of the signal to the noise ratio (SNR) as a weighting as well as a zero-proportional theory, as proposed by Genichi Taguchi in a robust model. Taguchi’s T-Method was widely practicing in Japan and began to be practiced by non-Japanese researchers due to its simplicity and simple understanding. Up to recent, various applications of Taguchi’s T-Method been applied, which prove to be beneficial to industrial needs. This research paper outlines the T-method procedures by applying it in a few benchmark datasets and compare the accuracy with the existing multiple linear regression method for an overview. The results show that Taguchi’s T-Method is better than multiple regression in dealing with limited sample data in which the sample size is smaller than the input variables. Taguchi’s TMethod proved to have the ability to predict output with an acceptable range of prediction accuracy

Distribution power loss minimization via distributed generation, capacitor and network reconfiguration

This paper presents a solution to solve the network reconfiguration, DG coordination (location and size), and capacitor coordination (location and size), simultaneously. The proposed solution will be determined by using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC). Various case studies are presented to see the impact on the test system, in terms of power loss reduction and also voltage profiles. The proposed approach is applied to a 33-bus test system and simulated by using MATLAB programming. The simulation results show that combination of DG, capacitor and network reconfiguration gives a positive impact on total power losses minimization as well as voltage profile improvement compared to other case studies

Notch adaptive filter solution under unbalanced and/or distorted PCC voltage for 3-phase 3-wire shunt active power filter

In this paper, the 3-phase 3-wire Shunt Active Power Filter (ShAPF) dealing with non-ideal Point of Common Coupling (PCC) voltages will be presented. The instantaneous power theory is applied to design the ShAPF controller which shows reliable performances. The Adaptive Notch Filter (ANF) is proposed to process those unbalanced and/or distorted PCC voltage. The simulation results of Matlab/SimpowerSytem tool have proved that the ANF successfully facilitates the ShAPF in terms of compensating unbalanced/distorted current of loads under even without an ideal voltage circumstance

Engaging youths in skill development through network system wiring workshop in rural area

Nowadays, youths underuse their time, energy and creativity in a vast number of other activities, which lead to almost nothing in return. Thus, to fully utilise their huge potential of skills and abilities is by offering productive ways to attract young people in educational-related activities. This paper is presenting the community project on the network wiring system workshop that has been conducted for the young generation at Kg. Serting Ulu, Simpang Pertang Jempol, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The aim of participating in this project is to deliver the knowledge base and develop skills in technology and engineering. In addition, it is also intended to develop interpersonal skills, communication and lifelong learning as well as to increase the ability of a young generation to generate a side income by venturing into entrepreneurship field. Participants in this network system wiring workshop were exposed to a multitude of basic installation and wiring techniques in which they were able to shape their personalities with the advantage of acquired technology and engineering skills. As a result, the return on investment (RoI) and social return on investment (SRoI) targets for the workshop can be achieved. It was conducted at a rural area named as Kampung Serting Ulu, Simpang Pertang Jempol, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Impact of dispersed generation modes in optimal coordination between distributed generation and capacitor simultaneously

This paper describes the impact of the mode selection in Distributed Generation (DG) has in order to reduce the total power losses in the distribution system when coordination between the DG and capacitor is done simultaneously There are two modes available for the DG to operate which are the Power-Reactive Power (PQ) and Power-Voltage (PV) modes. The coordination between the DG and capacitor is a crucial task that needs to be done during the initial planning stage. Any error in identifying the power output and the location of the DG as well as the size and the location of the capacitor can increase the losses in distribution system. In this paper, some modifications were made on Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) by combining several steps on Artificial Immune System (AIS) will be used. Several cases studies are carried out to see the impact of mode selection on 33-bus distribution system by using MATLAB programming