Power-constrained block-test list scheduling

A list scheduling approach is proposed in this paper to overcome the problem of unequal-length block-test scheduling under power dissipation constraints. An extended tree growing technique is also used in combination with the list scheduling algorithm in order to improve the test concurrency, having assigned power dissipation limits. Moreover, the algorithm features a power dissipation balancing provision. Test scheduling examples are discussed, highlighting further research steps towards an efficient system-level test scheduling algorith

Distribution-graph based approach and extended tree growing technique in power-constrained block-test scheduling

A distribution-graph based scheduling algorithm is proposed together with an extended tree growing technique to deal with the problem of unequal-length block-test scheduling under power dissipation constraints. The extended tree growing technique is used in combination with the classical scheduling approach in order to improve the test concurrency having assigned power dissipation limits. Its goal is to achieve a balanced test power dissipation by employing a least mean square error function. The least mean square error function is a distribution-graph based global priority function. Test scheduling examples and experiments highlight in the end the efficiency of this approach towards a system-level test scheduling algorithm

A combined tree growing technique for block-test scheduling under power constraints

A tree growing technique is used here together with classical scheduling algorithms in order to improve the test concurrency having assigned power dissipation limits. First of all, the problem of unequal-length block-test scheduling under power dissipation constraints is modeled as a tree growing problem. Then a combination of list and force-directed scheduling algorithms is adapted to tackle it. The goal of this approach is to achieve rapidly a test scheduling solution with a near-optimal test application time. This is initially achieved with the list approach. Then the power dissipation distribution of this solution is balanced by using a force-directed global priority function. The force-directed priority function is a distribution-graph based global priority function. A constant additive model is employed for power dissipation analysis and estimation. Based on test scheduling examples, the efficiency of this approach is discussed as compared to the other approaches

A comparison of classical scheduling approaches in power-constrained block-test scheduling

Classical scheduling approaches are applied here to overcome the problem of unequal-length block-test scheduling under power dissipation constraints. List scheduling-like approaches are proposed first as greedy algorithms to tackle the fore mentioned problem. Then, distribution-graph based approaches are described in order to achieve balanced test concurrency and test power dissipation. An extended tree growing technique is also used in combination with these classical approaches in order to improve the test concurrency having assigned power dissipation limits. A comparison between the results of the test scheduling experiments highlights the advantages and disadvantages of applying different classical scheduling algorithms to the power-constrained test scheduling proble

The negative educational gradients in Romanian fertility

In Western countries, rates of second and third births typically increase with educational attainment, a feature that usually disappears if unobserved heterogeneity is brought into the event-history analysis. By contrast, in a country like Romania, second and third birth rates have been found to decline when moving across groups with increasing education, and the decline becomes greater if unobserved heterogeneity is added to the analysis. The present paper demonstrates this pattern, and shows that, because this feature is retained in the presence of control variables, such as age at first birth and period effects, the selectivity is not produced by a failure to account for the control variables.educational attainment, fertility, relative risks, Romania, unobserved heterogeneity

The negative educational gradients in Romanian fertility

-Romania

The left edge algorithm in block test scheduling under power constraints

A left-edge algorithm approach is proposed in this paper to deal with the problem of unequal-length block-test scheduling under power dissipation constraints. An extended tree growing technique is also used in combination with the left-edge algorithm in order to improve the test concurrency under power dissipation limits. Test scheduling examples and experiments are discussed highlighting further research directions toward an efficient system-level test scheduling algorith

The structure of recent first-union formation in Romania

By European standards, consensual first unions have been rare in Romania, and they remain so even though their incidence has increased by a factor of almost five since the early 1960s. Rates of conversion of consensual unions into marriages have been cut in half over the same four decades or so, and marriage rates have declined by a similar factor since the fall of state socialism, which is more dramatic because this period is so much shorter. There have been strong ethnic differentials in union-entry rates in the country.Romania

Graphite Electrode Modified with a New Phenothiazine Derivative and with Carbon Nanotubes for NADH Electrocatalytic Oxidation

The electrochemical behavior of a modified electrode obtained by immobilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes onto a graphite electrode modified with a new phenothiazine derivative, bis-phenothiazin-3-yl methane (BPhM), G/BPhM-CNT, has been evaluated and compared with BPhM adsorbed on graphite electrode (G/BPhM). The G/BPhM-CNT electrode presents improved performances for NADH electrocatalytic oxidation in comparison with G/BPhM electrode, expressed by: (i) a significant increase of electrocatalytic rate constant (kobs,[NADH] 0) for NADH oxidation (856.32 L mol–1 s–1 for G/BPhM-CNT and 51.63 L mol–1 s–1 for G/BPhM, in phosphate buffer, pH 7); (ii) the obtained amperometric sensors for NADH detection present increase sensitivity (S = 6.9 mA L mol–1 for G/BPhM-CNT and S = 0.55 mA L mol–1 for G/BPhM, pH 7)