A survey on the incidence of chronic suppurative otitis media (C.S.O.M) in Kermanian school children aged 12 to 15 years

Abstract: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (C.S.O.M) is a chronic infective and chronic inflammatory process of middle ear and mastoid that may be with or without cholesteatoma. Due to its significant problems and complications such as hearing loss, labyrinthitis, facial nerve paralysis, meningitis, brain abscess, extra and subdural abscess and lateral sinus thrombosis is a fatal and important disease. In this study 1377-78 (98-99) 3137 Kermanian school children aged 12 to 15 years from 174 schools were randomly checked for C.S.O.M Overall incidence rates of C.S.O.M was 5.7 per thousand, (Female 0.5% and male 0.7%). Average of hearing loss was 25 db. There was no significant correlation between the incidence of C.S.O.M and underlying disease or factors such as sex, parental education and smoking (P>0.05). Keywords: Prevalence, Chronic suppurative otitis media, Students, Kerma

In vitro breast cancer targeting using Trastuzumab-conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles: Towards the new strategy for decreasing size and high drug loading capacity for drug delivery purposes in MSN synthesis

In the present study, an efficient protocol was introduced for synthesis of biocompatible mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with an adequate size and high drug loading capacity. Herein, the tri-ethanolamine, TEA, dominantly controlled the pH of solution in addition to regulate nanoparticle sizes via complexing with ortho silicate functional group. Furthermore, ammonium nitrate as a weak acid was used for micellar template extraction and the results were compared with a common salt such as sodium chloride. The obtained results of BET analysis showed ammonium nitrate led to creation of pore sizes with 3.2 nm and enhanced specific surface area with 563 m2/g which were higher than NaCl route. In the next step, the surfaces of MSNs were functionalized with particular compounds, (3- Aminopropyl) tri-ethoxysilane, APTES, applied for amine functionalization whereas 1-Ethyl-3-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide, EDC/NHS, as cross link agent was used for Trastuzumab modification of silica nanoparticles which were subsequently loaded with doxorubicin for studying the targeted breast cancer therapy. Moreover, fluorescein dye was optimized on the surface modified nanoparticles. The molecular fluorescence imaging was used to confirm the significant attachments of our surface modified MSNs to plasma membrane of breast cancer cell lines (HER2 overexpressed SKBR3 cell lines). Furthermore, drug loading capacity of the presented nano-carriers was calculated and shown to be 57.40% for doxorubicin suggesting its priority in the biological application comparing to other reported ones. Finally, quantum chemical study at B3lyp/6–311++g** level of theory was performed to reveal the pH-triggered release of doxorubicin loaded on these nanoparticles which the obtained results were in agreement with experimental evidences

Political Ideonomy of Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth Theory

The conditions of success and reasons for failure of development strategies and plans, are among the most important “development studies” issues. This has been explained in different ways: for example, there is a strong relationship between the efficiency of development strategies and plans and development theories. Based on paradigmatic-implicative theory, which explains the relationship between development theories and political thought and considers the development theory as one of the practical implications of political thought, a condition for the success of development strategies and development plans can be found to be rooted in the political thought foundation. Therefore, in the present article we explore the political thought supporting Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth theory, as one of the oldest and most important development theories which in the 1960s resulted in understanding development as “growth”. We use qualitative content analysis method to show that the political foundation of Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth theory is based on the principle of “the most utility for the most people” in accordance with Bentham’s utilitarian political thought