Role of microorganisms in isolation of biologically active compounds

Biološki aktivne tvari su prirodne ili sintetičke tvari koje imaju pozitivan učinak u životu živih bića. Važno svojstvo bioaktivnih mikrobnih metabolita je njihovo pozitivno djelovanje na okolinu, zatim raznolika biološka aktivnost, te jedinstvena kemijska struktura. Biološki aktivne tvari moguće je dobiti djelovanjem mikroorganizama, izolacijom iz biljnog tkiva i višestaničnih algi te pomoću genetičkog i metaboličkog inženjeringa. Tvari izolirane iz mikroorganizama najčešće se dodaju u hranu ili se koriste kao dodatci prehrani u svrhu pozitivnog učinka na ljudski organizam. Veliki broj biološki aktivnih tvari, kao što su primjerice neke aminokiseline, organske kiseline i vitamini, nastaju prilikom sekundarnog metabolizma pa su poznati i pod pojmom sekundarni metaboliti. Pomoću mikroorganizama može se provoditi i transformacija jednih vrsta steroida u druge. Antibiotici također pripadaju u biološki aktivne tvari koje proizvode mikroorganizmi. Poznato je kako antibiotici djeluju pogubno na rast nekih mikroorganizama, stoga je važna i njihova primjena u medicini, stočarstvu i poljoprivredi. Radom mikroorganizama mogu se dobiti i probiotici koji također imaju pozitivan učinak na ljudsko zdravlje.Biologically active compounds are natural or synthetic substances which have positive influence on life of every living being. Positive environmental influence, various biological activity and unique chemical structure are the most important properties of bioactive microbial metabolites. Biologically active compounds can be obtained with microorganism activity, isolation from plant tissue and multicellular algae and with genetical and metabolic engineering. Compounds isolated from microorganisms are mostly added in food or are used as food additives for the purpose of aiding human health. Large number of biologically active compounds, like aminoacids, organic acids and vitamins, arise during secondary metabolism, therefore they are known as secondary metabolites. With microbial utilization it's also possible to transform one type of steroids to another. Another biologically active compounds gained by utilizing microbes are antibiotics and probiotics. Negative effect of antibiotics on mycrobial growth is very well known, thus their usage in medicine, livestock farming and agriculture is very important and probiotics are compounds which also hold great positive influence on human health

Thermo-physiological comfort of compression athletic wear

139-146Thermo-physiological comfort aspects of compression athletic wear have been studied. Core-spun elastane-cotton blended yarns with different elastane proportion, elastane stretch and twist multiplier have been spun and single jersey knitted fabrics are prepared. A three-level three-variable factorial design technique proposed by Box and Behnken has been used to study the interaction effects of the variables on the characteristics of fabrics. The influence of these variables on physical and comfort properties of fabric is studied, the response surface equations for all the properties are derived and the design variables are optimized for various fabric properties. The fabrics become heavier and thicker, and show improved thermal resistance, lower air and water permeability and poor moisture management properties, with the increase in proportion of elastane and level of elastane stretch. Higher twist results in better air and water vapour permeability but lower thermal resistance and wicking. </span

The impact of elevated troponin levels on clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review

The association between high cardiac troponin (cTn) levels and stroke characteristics and outcomes remains unclear. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical implications of elevated cTn levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Research Gate databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published in English up to May 2023. This study included all reports on serum cTn levels and AIS. Two independent reviewers assessed study quality and bias using study-specific tools before inclusion. The systematic review included a total of 14 articles with 16906 participants, including one systematic review, one randomized controlled trial (RCT), and 12 observational studies. The results of this systematic review indicate that the prevalence of high cTn levels is averaged at 17.9%, or 1 in 5 individuals, who have an AIS. The review emphasizes the detrimental effects of increased cTn levels on outcomes for in-hospital and all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular outcomes in patients with AIS. These results demonstrate that serum cTn has the potential to be a useful tool for risk classification and prognostic assessment in individuals with AIS. AIS patients with elevated serum cTn at baseline have an increased risk of mortality. Early and routine evaluation of serum cTn may contribute to the timely detection of co-morbid cardiovascular injury and prevent unfavorable outcomes in patients with AIS

Air Permeability and Water Vapor Resistance of Differently Finished Cotton and Cotton/Elastane Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics

This study investigates the knitted fabrics' air permeability and water vapor resistance as complex phenomena of the interaction between the fiber nature, fabric structural characteristics and, different wet processes. Bleaching and dyeing together with the content of elastane are the main factors determining fabric structural characteristics. 100% cotton fabrics have a higher intensity of warm/cool feeling since they have higher air permeability than elastane containing fabrics. The air permeability and water vapor resistance of elastane containing fabrics decreased after the wet processes, whereby the bleached knitted fabrics showed higher air permeability and lower water vapor resistance than dyed. Decreased air permeability and increased water vapor resistance of softened elastane containing fabrics are governed by the cationic softener pick-up mechanism. Namely, the cationic softener is deposited on the yarns' surfaces; its hydrophobic carbon ends repel from each other. This acts as a barrier for air which contributes to an increase in the fabric water vapor resistance. The softened dyed knitted fabrics have lower air permeability and slightly higher water vapor resistance than softened bleached fabrics which may be attributed to the interaction between reactive dyestuff and cationic softener. The comfort properties quality of finished knitted fabrics decreased with elastane incorporation and with softening