Socio-humanitarian nature of professionalism of the journalist

"Professionalism" as a concept has been historically formed in socio-humanitarian paradigm. Post-industrialism has made significant changes in the social structure of the modern world, the changes have affected both economic and socio-cultural spheres of life. The number of people employed in the manufacturing sector has decreased, and the number of people employed in non-productive areas such as trade, services, information sector has increased. The requirements for professional skills, attitudes towards professionalism have also changed. The aim of the study is to expose the changes concerning the concept of professionalism in journalism, associate external social factors with the professional qualities of the individual journalist. We have used comparative-historical method of studying the legal and regulatory framework, methods of qualitative social research: participant observation, personified interviews, expert inquiry. 52 journalists have been polled from 41 leading Russian publications. The study found that awareness of professionalism among journalists in Russia was formed in terms of high humanistic views. In Soviet times, these ideas underwent a qualitative change and were heavily politicized and idealized but did not lose their humanistic principles. As a result of the economic changes occurred in Russia at the turn of the century, the notion of professionalism in journalism assumes utilitarian and practical nature and is determined more by external circumstances (rating, careerism, political commitment) than the internal culture of the individual and the humanistic principles of the journalist. Formation of professional skills of the journalist is influenced by socio-cultural, economic, technological and political factors. The image of a professional journalist is not individual any longer, depersonalized workers with a certain set of skills and abilities are replacing the individuals in the profession

Analysis of PR-text: The semantic aspect

PR-text is a complex, from the semantic point of view, formation, due to its dual nature. The PR-text is presented in two semantic guises - as the meaning, specified by social and professional traditions of oral culture, and as the sense, defined by the author of the text. One of the main properties of the text is the ability to transmit and contain information. The text is a complex formation, incorporating, at the same time existing in its structure, linguistic, logic, speech, cognitive, stylistic, expressive and other subsystems. For a deeper understanding of the semantics of the PR text, it is necessary to define the semantic field of the text, its content, how the elements of the language system and the formal properties of the PR-text interact

Non-Radioactive TRF Assay Modifications to Improve Telomeric DNA Detection Efficiency in Plants

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The length of telomeric DNA is often considered a cellular biomarker of aging and general health status. Several telomere length measuring assays have been developed, of which the most common is the telomere restriction fragment (TRF) analysis, which typically involves the use of radioactively labeled oligonucleotide probes. While highly effective, this method potentially poses substantial health concerns and generates radioactive waste. Digoxigenin (DIG) alternatives to radioactive probes have been developed and used successfully in a number of assays. Here, we optimize the DIG protocol to measure telomere length in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and present evidence that this approach can be used successfully to efficiently and accurately measure telomere length in plants. Specifically, hybridization temperature of 42 °C instead of the typical 55 °C appears to generate stronger signals. In addition, DIG incorporation at 5′-end instead of 3′-end of the labeled oligonucleotide greatly enhances signal. We conclude that non-radioactive TRF assays can be as efficient as radioactive methods in detecting and measuring telomere length in plants, making this assay suitable for medical and research laboratories unable to utilize radioactivity due to hazardous waste disposal and safety concerns

Polymer Structures on Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensors

The influence of surface structuring on surface acoustic wave (SAW) biosensor signals has been investigated. Polymer structures on the sensor surfaces were applied by lithography or by self-assembling of polystyrene microparticles. In first experiments, structured and unstructured sensors led to similar results in a model affinity assay using streptavidin and biotinylated protein. On the other hand, structuring had a strong effect on SAW sensor signals obtained by protein adsorption on parylene C coated sensors. Depending on the protein, both decreased (albumin, streptavidin) and increased (fibrinogen) signals were observed with structured SAW sensors. Particularly the latter could contribute to facilitated blood analysis in the future

Comorbidities in patients with revision hip arthroplasty

Background. According to the existing concept of risk factors, the outcome of hip arthroplasty (HA) is affected not only by the quality of the prosthetic work, but also by the presence of one or more concomitant diseases. Purpose of the study - to perform a frequency analysis of co-morbidities in patients who underwent revidion HA, depending on the timing of its conduct. Materials and methods. On the basis of the endoprosthesis clinic at the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, a continuous sample of data was performed from medical records of patients (n = 667), who underwent revision HA in the period of 2013-2015. Primary HA was performed in various medical institutions in Russia and abroad in the period of 1992-2015. The cases of revision Ha were divided according to the terms of their implementation: postoperative (up to 2 months, n = 11), early remote (more than 2 months but less than 5years after HA, n = 371) and late remote (more than 5 years, n = 285). Variable coding and matrix creation, frequency analysis, average and relative risk (RR) calculation were performed. Results. The RR of postoperative and early revision intervention after HA is calculated depending on the presence of concomitant diseases. As a reference group, cases of late revision HA are taken. Calculation of the RR showed that the presence of concomitant diseases increases the risk of failure of the endoprosthesis in the postoperative period (in diabetes mellitus type 2 - 4.3 times, with excessive body weight and obesity - 2.0, with diseases of the nervous system - 3.9, liver - 2.8, veins of the lower extremities - in 2.9 and with chronic anemia - 3.7 times). The risk of undergoing revision HA in the early remote period is 1.7 times higher in the presence of concomitant malignant neoplasm than in the late remote period (p < 0.1). RR decreases with ischemic heart disease, chronic pyelonephritis, cholelithiasis and other pathology of the musculoskeletal system, i.e., revision interventions are performed in these patients much later. Conclusions. When analyzing the concomitant pathology, significant differences in the incidence of chronic diseases were found depending on the timing of the revision HA. Chronic diseases, which are risk factors for early failure of the endoprosthesis, have been identified. In cases when the risk of complications is high due to comorbidity it is more appropriate to refuse from the operation altogether