Real Time Moving Vehicle Congestion Detection and Tracking using OpenCV

In this era people using vehicles is getting increased day by day. To plan, monitor and also controlling of these vehicles is becoming a big challenge. A system is to be implemented without altering the infrastructure, so a video- based vehicle capturing and analysis of that video without affecting the traffic is required, by which traffic accidents and congestion can be determined. In this paper, we have come up with a solution for the above problem using the video surveillance considering the video data from the traffic cameras. We have used adaptive thresholding method, Gaussian based background subtraction with tracking methods such as blob tracking and virtual detector. The implementation was done using OpenCV Python as a tool. Our proposed system can identify, track the congestion and help in counting the objects precisely

Compensation for Environmental Damage: Progressively Casting a Wider Net, but What’s the Catch?

In the case Certain Activities Carried Out by Nicaragua in the Border Area (Costa Rica v. Nicaragua)–-Compensation Owed by The Republic of Nicaragua to The Republic of Costa Rica (the Costa Rica case), the International Court of Justice (ICJ) had to ascertain the compensation amount due by Nicaragua for the environmental damage it had caused to Costa Rica. This was the first time the ICJ was asked to weigh in and settle an environmental damage compensation claim between two states. After a concise introduction in Part I, this Article will first review the distinction between state responsibility for wrongful acts (as applicable in the Costa Rica case) and the international liability of states in the absence of wrongfulness in Part II. In Part III a detailed analysis of the Costa Rica case will be undertaken, with as its starting point the explicit acknowledgment by the ICJ that compensation is, indeed, due for damage caused to the environment, in and of itself, even if that damage is caused to non-marketable components of the environment, such as damageto a wetland or damage to an ecosystem. Next, this Article will critique the absence of transparency in the ICJ judgment on the valuation method it applied to calculate the final compensation amount as well as the paltry sum which Nicaragua ultimately owed to Costa Rica in this case. The general reluctance by the ICJ to apply punitive damages, in principle, does open an interesting comparative law debate on how common law and civil law countries differ in applying punitive damages in environmental cases. Where punitive damages may not be uniformly applied in national jurisdictions, most domestic courts do readily appoint experts in environmental matters given the inherent technical and scientific nature of such disputes. Therefore, this Article suggests the view that moving forward the ICJ should more actively appoint its own independent experts in environmental disputes, rather than merely relying on the evidence brought forward by the parties. This would go a long way in arriving at more robust scientific conclusions which in turn would allow the ICJ to contribute in a more meaningful manner to the development of international environmental and climate change law. Part IV seeks to demonstrate how domestic responses by the judiciary or the legislature increasingly tend to go further and be more proactive compared to the approaches of international regimes and adjudicating bodies when addressing environmental damage claims. This is illustrated based on a brief analysis of both the Deepwater Horizon and Erika oil spill cases and contrasted with the cases handled and interpretation given by the International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds when interpreting terms such as “environment” and “environmental damage.” Part V offers some concluding thoughts on the overall contribution of the ICJ’s Costa Rica case, including the suggestion that the court could have adopted a more “proactive judicial policy” in such an important transboundary environmental dispute between states

Acute Burkitt\u27s Leukemia: Case Report and Literature Review

The occurrence of leukemia in Burkitt\u27s lymphoma, with or without visceral or nodal tumefaction is uncommon, and its initial presentation as leukemia is even more unusual. Because it has a poor chemotherapeutic response and a grave prognosis, it is important to recognize this unusual leukemia correctly. Our report describes the clinical and pathologic findings of Burkitt\u27s lymphoma cell leukemia in a five-year-old white boy who presented with abdominal distension, hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Blood examination revealed normocytic normochromic anemia, erythroblastosis, slight leukocytosis, and the presence of numerous (24%) blasts. A diagnosis of Burkitt\u27s lymphoma was established on the basis of morphologic, cytochemical, and immunologic studies performed on the blasts. When the chemotherapy protocol for the lymphoma was administered, the patient responded well initially but suffered uric acid nephropathy, which was successfully treated. However, within two weeks he had a rapid relapse of leukemia and died four months after admission

CeRuPO: A rare example of a Ferromagnetic Kondo lattice

We have determined the physical ground state properties of the compounds CeRuPO and CeOsPO by means of magnetic susceptibility chi(T), specific heat C(T), electrical resistivity rho(T), and thermopower S(T) measurements. chi(T) reveals a trivalent 4f1 cerium state in both compounds. For CeRuPO a pronounced decrease of rho(T) below 50K indicates the onset of coherent Kondo scattering which is confirmed by enhanced S(T). The temperature and magnetic field dependence of chi(T) and C(T) evidence ferromagnetic (FM) order at TC=15K. Thus, CeRuPO seems to be one of the rare example of a FM Kondo lattice. In contrast, CeOsPO shows antiferromagnetic order at TN=4.4K despite only minor changes in lattice parameters and electronic configuration. Additional 31P NMR results support these scenarios. LSDA+U calculations evidence a quasi two dimensional electronic band structure, reflecting a strong covalent bonding within the CeO and RuP layers and a weak ionic like bonding between the layers.Comment: accepted in Phys. Rev. B, high quality figures: http://www.cpfs.mpg.de/~krellner