886 research outputs found
Generation of spin currents via Raman scattering
We show theoretically that stimulated spin flip Raman scattering can be used
to inject spin currents in doped semiconductors with spin split bands. A pure
spin current, where oppositely oriented spins move in opposite directions, can
be injected in zincblende crystals and structures. The calculated spin current
should be detectable by pump-probe optical spectroscopy and anomalous Hall
effect measurement
Electron-Electron Relaxation Effect on Auger Recombination in Direct Band Semiconductors
Influence of electron-electron relaxation processes on Auger recombination
rate in direct band semiconductors is investigated. Comparison between
carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon relaxation processes is provided. It is
shown that relaxation processes are essential if the free path length of
carriers doesn't exceed a certain critical value, which exponentially increases
with temperature. For illustration of obtained results a typical InGaAsP
compound is used
Frustrated square lattice with spatial anisotropy: crystal structure and magnetic properties of PbZnVO(PO4)2
Crystal structure and magnetic properties of the layered vanadium phosphate
PbZnVO(PO4)2 are studied using x-ray powder diffraction, magnetization and
specific heat measurements, as well as band structure calculations. The
compound resembles AA'VO(PO4)2 vanadium phosphates and fits to the extended
frustrated square lattice model with the couplings J(1), J(1)' between
nearest-neighbors and J(2), J(2)' between next-nearest-neighbors. The
temperature dependence of the magnetization yields estimates of averaged
nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor couplings, J(1) ~ -5.2 K and J(2) ~
10.0 K, respectively. The effective frustration ratio alpha=J(2)/J(1) amounts
to -1.9 and suggests columnar antiferromagnetic ordering in PbZnVO(PO4)2.
Specific heat data support the estimates of J(1) and J(2) and indicate a likely
magnetic ordering transition at 3.9 K. However, the averaged couplings
underestimate the saturation field, thus pointing to the spatial anisotropy of
the nearest-neighbor interactions. Band structure calculations confirm the
identification of ferromagnetic J(1), J(1)' and antiferromagnetic J(2), J(2)'
in PbZnVO(PO4)2 and yield J(1)'-J(1) ~ 1.1 K in excellent agreement with the
experimental value of 1.1 K, deduced from the difference between the expected
and experimentally measured saturation fields. Based on the comparison of
layered vanadium phosphates with different metal cations, we show that a
moderate spatial anisotropy of the frustrated square lattice has minor
influence on the thermodynamic properties of the model. We discuss relevant
geometrical parameters, controlling the exchange interactions in these
compounds, and propose a new route towards strongly frustrated square lattice
materials.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, 5 table
Interplay of atomic displacements in the quantum magnet (CuCl)LaNb2O7
We report on the crystal structure of the quantum magnet (CuCl)LaNb2O7 that
was controversially described with respect to its structural organization and
magnetic behavior. Using high-resolution synchrotron powder x-ray diffraction,
electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and band structure
calculations, we solve the room-temperature structure of this compound
[alpha-(CuCl)LaNb2O7] and find two high-temperature polymorphs. The
gamma-(CuCl)LaNb2O7 phase, stable above 640K, is tetragonal with a(sub) = 3.889
A, c(sub) = 11.738 A, and the space group P4/mmm. In the gamma-(CuCl)LaNb2O7
structure, the Cu and Cl atoms are randomly displaced from the special
positions along the {100} directions. The beta-phase [a(sub) x 2a(sub) x
c(sub), space group Pbmm] and the alpha-phase [2a(sub) x 2a(sub) x c(sub),
space group Pbam] are stable between 640 K and 500 K and below 500 K,
respectively. The structural changes at 500 K and 640 K are identified as
order-disorder phase transitions. The displacement of the Cl atoms is frozen
upon the gamma --> beta transformation, while a cooperative tilting of the NbO6
octahedra in the alpha-phase further eliminates the disorder of the Cu atoms.
The low-temperature alpha-(CuCl)LaNb2O7 structure thus combines the two types
of the atomic displacements that interfere due to the bonding between the Cu
atoms and the apical oxygens of the NbO6 octahedra. The precise structural
information resolves the controversy between the previous computation-based
models and provides the long-sought input for understanding the magnetic
properties of (CuCl)LaNb2O7.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables; crystallographic information (cif
files) include
Hydrodynamic Simulations of Counterrotating Accretion Disks
Hydrodynamic simulations have been used to study accretion disks consisting
of counterrotating components with an intervening shear layer(s).
Configurations of this type can arise from the accretion of newly supplied
counterrotating matter onto an existing corotating disk. The grid-dependent
numerical viscosity of our hydro code is used to simulate the influence of a
turbulent viscosity of the disk. Firstly, we consider the case where the gas
well above the disk midplane rotates with angular rate +\Omega(r) and that well
below has the same properties but rotates with rate -\Omega(r). We find that
there is angular momentum annihilation in a narrow equatorial boundary layer in
which matter accretes supersonically with a velocity which approaches the
free-fall velocity and the average accretion speed of the disk can be
enormously larger than that for a conventional \alpha-disk rotating in one
direction. Secondly, we consider the case of a corotating accretion disk for
rr_t. In this case we observed, that
matter from the annihilation layer lost its stability and propagated inward
pushing matter of inner regions of the disk to accrete. Thirdly, we
investigated the case where counterrotating matter inflowing from large radial
distances encounters an existing corotating disk. Friction between the
inflowing matter and the existing disk is found to lead to fast boundary layer
accretion along the disk surfaces and to enhanced accretion in the main disk.
These models are pertinent to the formation of counterrotating disks in
galaxies and possibly in Active Galactic Nuclei and in X-ray pulsars in binary
systems.Comment: LaTeX, 18 pages, to appear in Ap
Correlation effects in sequential energy branching: an exact model of the Fano statistics
Correlation effects in in the fluctuation of the number of particles in the
process of energy branching by sequential impact ionizations are studied using
an exactly soluble model of random parking on a line. The Fano factor F
calculated in an uncorrelated final-state "shot-glass" model does not give an
accurate answer even with the exact gap-distribution statistics. Allowing for
the nearest-neighbor correlation effects gives a correction to F that brings F
very close to its exact value. We discuss the implications of our results for
energy resolution of semiconductor gamma detectors, where the value of F is of
the essence. We argue that F is controlled by correlations in the cascade
energy branching process and hence the widely used final-state model estimates
are not reliable -- especially in the practically relevant cases when the
energy branching is terminated by competition between impact ionization and
phonon emission.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to Physical Review
СКОРАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ПОМОЩЬ–2014
Emergency care–2014.Скорая медицинская помощь–2014
Dynamic avalanche breakdown of a p-n junction: deterministic triggering of a plane streamer front
We discuss the dynamic impact ionization breakdown of high voltage p-n
junction which occurs when the electric field is increased above the threshold
of avalanche impact ionization on a time scale smaller than the inverse
thermogeneration rate. The avalanche-to-streamer transition characterized by
generation of dense electron-hole plasma capable to screen the applied external
electric field occurs in such regimes. We argue that the experimentally
observed deterministic triggering of the plane streamer front at the electric
field strength above the threshold of avalanche impact ionization but yet below
the threshold of band-to-band tunneling is generally caused by field-enhanced
ionization of deep-level centers. We suggest that the process-induced sulfur
centers and native defects such as EL2, HB2, HB5 centers initiate the front in
Si and GaAs structures, respectively. In deep-level free structures the plane
streamer front is triggered by Zener band-to-band tunneling.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Theory of transient spectroscopy of multiple quantum well structures
A theory of the transient spectroscopy of quantum well (QW) structures under
a large applied bias is presented. An analytical model of the initial part of
the transient current is proposed. The time constant of the transient current
depends not only on the emission rate from the QWs, as is usually assumed, but
also on the subsequent carrier transport across QWs. Numerical simulation was
used to confirm the validity of the proposed model, and to study the transient
current on a larger time scale. It is shown that the transient current is
influenced by the nonuniform distribution of the electric field and related
effects, which results in a step-like behavior of the current. A procedure of
extraction of the QW emission time from the transient spectroscopy experiments
is suggested.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in J. Appl. Phy
- …