Evaluation of performance energy collection using five types of solar flat plate collector

Solar radiation is emitted from the sun and collected on the surface of the earth by solar collectors. Solar energy can be transformed into useful energy in the structure of thermal power. One of the foremosteconomic always is to reapheat by exploitationsolar Flat Plate Collector (FPC). The solar collector's function is to heat water from the atmosphere. Heated water can be used for domestic and industrial uses, etc. The types of FPCs involved in this study are, for the colour’s FPC (black collector versus white collector), material’s FPC (copper collector versus polypropylene collector) and glazing’s FPC (double glazing collector versus single glazing collector) by using the Energy Solar Trainer. The present work is aimed to predict the performance of FPC tested for three different days with different types of FPC using an application of water heating The sky was almost clear with an ambient temperature in the range 20o C-36.2o C. Readings are collected from 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. with the solar radiation intensity, I = 722 W/m2 and flow rate fixed at 2 Lm-1. The result shows that the efficiency of FPCs (colour, material and glazing), the colour’s FPC, and black collector is higher than white collector. While for material’s FPC, copper collector is higher than polypropylene collector. For the glazing’s FPC, double glazing collector is higher than single collector. For the overall FPCs efficiency, double glazing collector is the highest compared to others FPC

Development of an indoor air quality checklist for risk assessment of indoor air pollutants by semiquantitative score in nonindustrial workplaces

Background: To meet the current diversified health needs in workplaces, especially in nonindustrial workplaces in developing countries, an indoor air quality (IAQ) component of a participatory occupational safety and health survey should be included. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and suggest a multidisciplinary, integrated IAQ checklist for evaluating the health risk of building occupants. This IAQ checklist proposed to support employers, workers, and assessors in understanding a wide range of important elements in the indoor air environment to promote awareness in nonindustrial workplaces. Methods: The general structure of and specific items in the IAQ checklist were discussed in a focus group meeting with IAQ assessors based upon the result of a literature review, previous industrial code of practice, and previous interviews with company employers and workers. Results: For practicality and validity, several sessions were held to elicit the opinions of company members, and, as a result, modifications were made. The newly developed IAQ checklist was finally formulated, consisting of seven core areas, nine technical areas, and 71 essential items. Each item was linked to a suitable section in the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality published by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health. Conclusion: Combined usage of an IAQ checklist with the information from the Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality would provide easily comprehensible information and practical support. Intervention and evaluation studies using this newly developed IAQ checklist will clarify the effectiveness of a new approach in evaluating the risk of indoor air pollutants in the workplace

Comparing cooling energy between existing air-conditioning system and proposed design system

Air-conditioning (AC) system is typically used to remove the sensible and latent heat loads in buildings. It provides cool and dehumidified air to meet the occupants comfort and good indoor air quality (IAQ). Improper design and analysis of AC process resulted in high cooling energy and unsatisfied indoor humidity level in tropical climate. The objective of this study is to identify the cooling energy in hotel restaurant by comparing the design with proper fresh air ventilation design. The hotel restaurant was designed with primary air unit (PAU) and air handling unit (AHU) as to remove sensible and latent loads. The performance of the AC system has been monitored and analysed using psychrometric chart. For the AC air side system, 296.2 kW of cooling energy was used in standard operation. An alternative design was proposed for the said hotel restaurant employing only one AHU, with a cooling capacity of 165.9 kW which was 43 % lower than the existing system. The difference in temperature, humidity ratio and air flow rate influenced the cooling energy for AC system

Thermal comfort evaluation at the multipurpose hall of an academic campus

Most of the building design has a combination of natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation is used for indoor cooling purposes in many large enclosed spaces. However, this cooling method is insufficient to provide the occupants with a comfortable temperature level due to low wind velocity and the inability of a mechanical ventilator to remove warm air. The aim of this study is to evaluate the thermal comfort in a multipurpose hall. To assess the thermal perception of occupants in the multipurpose space, 179 occupants were randomly selected to participate in the survey. In addition, 4 indoor environmental variables were calculated using the Thermal Comfort Kit, including air temperature, air velocity, globe temperature and relative humidity. Data from questionnaire surveys and fieldwork measurements were obtained at the same time for 6 days between September and November 2019. All data collected were interpreted using the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) indices, which reflect the state of thermal comfort within the multipurpose hall. For this analysis, the PMV and PPD values for fieldwork measurements are 2.1 and 82.6%, while the thermal sensation voting values are 1.6 and 55%. Both PMV and PPD values for thermal environment measurement in the multipurpose hall and questionnaire survey exceed the respective upper limits as recommended in ASHRAE Standard 55 (2017) and the acceptability criterion in ISO 7730 (2005), indicating that the thermal comfort within the hall is warm

Evaluation of environmental performance in academic building by indoor environmental quality (IEQ)

Most people spend about 90% of their lives indoors, and students spend about 30% of their time in school. Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is becoming a key aspect considering building envelopes and the health of building occupants. Buildings have to provide a healthy and comfortable environment for humans. However, each building provides different environmental quality results for indoor spaces and occupants. Therefore, the study of indoor environment quality in three different buildings has been carried out in academic building as it acts as important place in performing general activities. The methodologies used to conduct this research are qualitative and quantitative methods. This is to measure the IEQ levels in multipurpose hall, cafeteria and lecture room. This research focuses on the comparison of IEQ in different locations with the national or international standard. Measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, carbon monoxide (CO) con-centration, air temperature (°C), mean radiant temperature (°C), air velocity (m/s), relative humidity (%), lighting (lux), and sound quality (dB) in the three locations were collected. This research found that most of the elements in the three locations were compliance with the standard threshold limit value. However, the indoor air temperature in the multipurpose hall and cafeteria were slightly high with an average air temperature of more than 26 (°C) as set in the standard Threshold Limit Value (TLV). High level of noise in the lecture room also exceeds the guideline. Therefore, some suggestions had made such as improvement of ventilation system in multipurpose hall and maintenance of air-conditioning system in lecture room. The relationship between the IEQ levels and the types of activities carried out in the buildings is also established

Access security system in University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (Pagoh campus)

The study of access security system in University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) in Pagoh branch is literally a research that enclosed to the safety research that involves in the entrance of the buildings to avoid any threats upcoming that can contribute to the loss of property and economic part. University is the place that involves in strong protection of security guided and commonly we all know that this system works 24 hours per day. Thus, we will be found out in this study on how the access security system is working on the campus and what are the implements that they want to obtain from working out this system. The objectives of this project are to determine the type of access security system in UTHM Pagoh campus and to study the user's awareness about the access security system in UTHM Pagoh campus. This research study is completed by applying qualitative of research method to achieve the first objective and using quantitative method which is this project will use the questionnaire to complete and achieve the second objective. These data are then analyzed to exploit with the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19 and Microsoft Excel software. The data will be processed and presented in the form of chart and percentage by using this software. Last but not least, this project will find out the types of access security system available in the campus and to figure the user's awareness of the access security in UTHM Pagoh campus

The effectivess of photoventi under Malaysian climate

Malaysia relies on non-renewable sources like fossil fuel and coal by 90%. The energy industry itself contributes about 77% of total carbon dioxide gas emission in 2011. Due to that, the government of Malaysia published Green Technology Master Plan Malaysia 2016–2030 to help reducing the carbon dioxide gas emission. This shows how serious the problem caused by electricity generation. Thus, the end user is encouraged to reduce electricity usage by switching to sustainable product. Turbine ventilator and tubular skylight has been invented a long time ago, which offers natural ventilation and natural lighting respectively. The usage of these devices could reduce the dependency on electricity use especially for a windowless space or a space located far from the window. Both of these devices require an area as they are commonly placed on the roof. This research aims to overcome these problems by designing a device that can provide natural lighting and ventilation without the usage of electricity. The device is called PhotoVenti which represents the photon and ventilator. The performance of this product is analyzed through experimentation on a test house located in Panchor, Muar. The average of illuminance obtained from the experiment are 232 lx and 208 lx and the average of indoor temperature obtained are 27.6 and 28.3 ℃. MS 1525 and MS 2680 and Industry Code of Practice of Indoor Air Quality 2010 to are used to describe its conformity under Malaysian climate

Pico-hydro system as an alternative energy generator

Pico-hydro system is a renewable energy source which uses a small motor or generator that is connected to turbines to generate electricity without relying on any non-renewable energy sources. The power generated by the pico-hydro system is less than 5 kW. Currently, the distribution of fuel consumption for electricity generation is 44.7% using coal, 42.5% gas-based, 3.7% oil-based, and 5.7% hydro-based. The Malaysian government has set a clear goal and strategy that small hydropower (mini, micro, and pico) will contribute up to 500 MW to the national power grid/electricity generation in 2020. In this study, the model built is the pico-hydro system with the operating system powered by pumps with a 10 W solar panel. The purpose of this study is to build a model of a pico-hydro system as an alternative energy generator, to gauge the energy produced by this pico-hydro model, and to analyse the performance and effectiveness of the pico-hydro system in terms of power and output. Among the tests performed were testing on battery charger controllers and battery charging time rates, water flowrate testing, system efficiency, and relationship analysis between the head height, rotation, and output of power. This model produced the maximum flow of 0.22 A from the generator to the charger controller with a head height of 0.63 m. The hydraulic efficiency test showed that the system had an efficiency percentage of 9.2%. Further studies should be done to improve the efficiency of the system and enhance the energy generation

Access security system in University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (Pagoh Campus)

The study of access security system in University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) in Pagoh branch is literally a research that enclosed to the safety research that involves in the entrance of the buildings to avoid any threats upcoming that can contribute to the loss of property and economic part. University is the place that involves in strong protection of security guided and commonly we all know that this system works 24 hours per day. Thus, we will be found out in this study on how the access security system is working on the campus and what are the implements that they want to obtain from working out this system. The objectives of this project are to determine the type of access security system in UTHM Pagoh campus and to study the user’s awareness about the access security system in UTHM Pagoh campus. This research study is completed by applying qualitative of research method to achieve the first objective and using quantitative method which is this project will use the questionnaire to complete and achieve the second objective. These data are then analyzed to exploit with the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19 and Microsoft Excel software. The data will be processed and presented in the form of chart and percentage by using this software. Last but not least, this project will find out the types of access security system available in the campus and to figure the user’s awareness of the access security in UTHM Pagoh campus

Fire risk assessment of office building: UTHM Pagoh campus

Fire risk assessment is a matter of risk identification, risk assessment and risk control. Therefore, it is very important to ensure the safety of the building in good condition throughout the building especially in educational centers office. It is important to identify the fire hazard and the possible fire risk in our building. Thus, some of the case is conducted determine relative risks associated with the nature of the fire hazards that exist in the building in accordance with established standards and guidelines observed by expert panel and through literature review. The final objective of this research is tried to develop a quantitative fire risk assessment model based on collected data in a higher educational center office, Block A1 UTHM Pagoh Campus. The methodology of this study was conducted through two methods which were qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative method is through interviews with BOMBA Pagoh, UTHM Pagoh facility management as well as survey forms distributed to lecturers and students. This surveys data is running by Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). Quantitative methods are based on the principles of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and risk matrix. To analyze the data collected, Super Decision software is used where it helps to evaluate the probability of an accident. According to the order of priority, the final score calculated shows the risk assessment of fire safety can be determined based on the sum of the criterion scores. Further studies may be able to analyze the risks associated with the function of maximum fire temperature probability in the compartment in several types of buildings and appropriate measures to assess fire hazard risk