Conductivity of acid zinc and copper plating solutions

Conductivity data are presented for the common acid solutions (sulphate, chloride) used in the electrodeposition of zinc and copper. Optimised solution concentrations may be defi ned and the values obtained indicate the dominant ions which are present in solution at specifi c concentrations and temperatures

Bland–Altman plot assessing the agreement of coronal curvature measurements using ultrasound and MRI in the sample categories.

<p>(a) Level of apical vertebra in T1-T4; (b) Level of apical vertebra in T5-T8; (c) Level of apical vertebra in T9-T12; (d) Level of apical vertebra in L1-L5.</p

Clinical ultrasound system and ultrasound scan.

<p>(a) 3-D Ultrasound unit and a purpose-design couch; (b) Ultrasound scanning at supine position.</p

3-D reconstructed ultrasound images of scoliotic spine.

<p>(a) Coronal plane; (b) Sagittal plane; (c) Transverse plane.</p

3-D reconstructed ultrasound images of scoliotic spine.

<p>(a) Coronal plane; (b) Sagittal plane; (c) Transverse plane.</p

Bland–Altman plot assessing the agreement of coronal curvature measurements using ultrasound and MRI in the sample categories.

<p>(a) Cobb angle: 10.2°~68.2°; (b) Cobb angle: 10.0°~20.0°; (c) Cobb angle: 20.0°~45.0°; (d) Variation in selected UEV = 0; (e) Variation in selected UEV = 1; (f) Variation in selected UEV = 2; (g) Variation in selected LEV = 0; (h) Variation in selected LEV = 1; (i) Variation in selected LEV = 2. The central line represents mean differences (Bias); upper line shows mean+1.96SD and lower line mean-1.96SD. UEV: upper-end vertebra; LEV: lower-end vertebra.</p

Validation of coronal curvature assessments using ultrasound compared with MRI.

<p>UEV ^a: upper-end vertebra; LEV ^b: lower-end vertebra. The Bias, SD of bias and 95% Limits of Agreement are calculated from the Bland-Altman method.</p><p>Validation of coronal curvature assessments using ultrasound compared with MRI.</p

Spinal curvature measurement using.

<p>(a) Center of laminae (COL) method in ultrasound; (b) Cobb method in MRI.</p

Correlation of coronal curvature measurements using ultrasound and MRI in the sample categories.

<p>(a) Cobb angle: 10.2°~68.2°; (b) Cobb angle: 10.0°~20.0°; (c) Cobb angle: 20.0°~45.0°; (d) Variation in selected UEV = 0; (e) Variation in selected UEV = 1; (f) Variation in selected UEV = 2; (g) Variation in selected LEV = 0; (h) Variation in selected LEV = 1; (i) Variation in selected LEV = 2. UEV: upper-end vertebra; LEV: lower-end vertebra.</p

Inter-rater variation and reliability of coronal curvature assessments using ultrasound compared with MRI.

<p>MAD^a: mean absolute difference; SD^b: standard deviation; SEM^c: standard error of measurement; ICC^d: intra-class correlation coefficient; CI^d: confidence intervals</p><p>Inter-rater variation and reliability of coronal curvature assessments using ultrasound compared with MRI.</p