Flypaper Effect pada Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Terhadap Belanja Daerah pada Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah Tahun 2015-2018

This study aims to analyze the occurrence of the Flypaper Effect on the effect of the General Allocation Fund and Local Own-Source Revenue on Regional Expenditures in districts / cities in Central Java. The sampling technique used a saturated sampling, method in which all the population used as samples. This quantative research was conducted with a sample size of 35 districts / cities with a period of 4 years from 2015 to 2018, thus the sample used in this study was 140 data. The data was used is in the form of secondary data, namely the Statement of Budget Realization which was obtained from the website of the Director General of Fiscal Balance. The data analysis method for this research is multiple regression analysis. The data processing technique was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS programs. The results showed the General Allocation Fund and the Local Own-Source Revenue have a significant effect on regional spending. And there has been a Flypaper effect on Regency / City Governments in Central Java in 2015-2018, in accordance with the condition that the DAU coefficient value is greater than the PAD coefficient value on Regional Expenditure

Physic nut (Jatropha curcas) oil as a protectant against field insect pests of cowpea in Sudano-Sahelian cropping systems

Cowpea is a profitable food and fodder crop in the Sudano-Sahelian region of Africa. Unfortunately, it is extensively damaged in the field by a range of insect pests. The use of locally available insecticidal plant extracts is a promising alternative to chemical crop protection, which is the most popular management strategy but shows many drawbacks. In this respect, oil extracted from seed of the physic nut shrub (Jatropha curcas) showed promise. The insecticidal properties of J. curcas oil were thus assessed against cowpea insect pests at the ICRISAT research station, Sadoré, Niger. In 2002, four concentrations of physic nut oil extract, formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) (namely 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%), were evaluated as field sprays along with an untreated control (water spraying) and a conventional insecticide (Deltamethrin Decis® EC) treatment. In 2009, these latter two checks were evaluated alongside four concentrations of a “blank” formulation consisting of only the adjuvants of the 2002 EC formulation (namely 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75% and 5%). In 2002, application of Deltamethrin and physic nut oil at 7.5% gave the highest seed yields, with more than 1000 kg ha-1. Both treatments, alongside the one with 10% oil, sustained significantly lower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) infestation than the water-sprayed control. All oil extract treatments and the Deltamethrin treatment sustained significantly lower infestation by Clavigralla tomentosicollis bugs than the untreated control, with the lowest infestation occurring with 7.5% oil. Furthermore, correlations between oil concentration and thrips and bug infestation were negative and significant, while correlation between oil concentration and seed yield was not significant, due to a phytotoxic effect of oil at high concentrations. The follow-up studies in 2009 confirmed that effects of Jatropha oil on cowpea insect infestation and seed yield observed in 2002 could be ascribed to the physic nut oil fraction alone

Croissance Urbaine Et Terres Agricoles Dans La Ville De Pobe

La ville de Pobè connait une évolution démographique et spatiale qui entraine la réduction des espaces agricoles. Ce travail de recherche dont les résultats sont inscrits dans le présent mémoire met en exergue les effets de la croissance sur les terres agricoles dans la ville de Pobè.L’approche méthodologique utilisée est basée sur la collecte des données, leur traitement et l’analyse des résultats. La recherche documentaire et les enquêtes de terrain sont les méthodes de collecte de données. L’analyse des résultats a été faite par le modèle PEIR. Au total, 226 personnes ont été enquêtées.Il ressort de l’analyse des résultats que la population de la ville de Pobè a augmenté au cours de ces dernières années. En effet, les données démographiques du recensement de 1979, 1992, de 2002 et de 2013 ont révélé que la ville compte respectivement 16633 habitants (INSAE 1) 23427 habitants (INSAE 2), 33249 habitants (INSAE 3) et 49232 habitants (INSAE 4). En outre,  les superficies des agglomérations ont passé de 591,51 ha en 2008 à 694,76 ha en 2018  alors la Mosaïque de Culture et Jachère sous Palmiers ont passé de 176,82 ha à 71,15 ha. Cette évolution accompagnée de l’urbanisation engendre la réduction des espaces agricoles. Cette situation entraine la diminution de la production, des superficies et des rendements agricoles.Mots clés : Pobè, croissance urbaine, réduction, terres agricoles        .AbstractThe city of Pobè is experiencing demographic and spatial changes which lead to the reduction of agricultural areas. This research work, the results of which are included in this thesis, highlights the effects of growth on agricultural land in the city of Pobè.The methodological approach used is based on data collection, processing and analysis of the results. Documentary research and field surveys are the methods of data collection.The analysis of the results was done by the PEIR model. A total of 226 people were surveyed.The analysis of the results shows that the population of the town of Pobè increased during the latter year. Indeed, the demographic data of the 1979, 1992, 2002 and 2013 censuses revealed that the city has 16,633 inhabitants (INSAE 1) 23,427 inhabitants (INSAE 2), 33,249 inhabitants (INSAE 3) and 49,232 inhabitants (INSAE 4), respectively. ). In addition, the areas of the agglomerations increased from 591.51 ha in 2008 to 694.76 ha in 2018 while the Mosaic of Culture and Fallow under Palm Trees increased from 176.82 ha to 71.15 ha. This evolution accompanied by urbanization leads to the reduction of agricultural areas. This situation leads to a reduction in production, areas and agricultural yields.Keywords: Pobè, urban growth, reduction, agricultural lan

Microstructure and Thermal Analysis of Brake Pads Developed from Asbestos-Free Materials

This study was conducted on developed asbestos-free brake pad using coconut shell and seashell as fillers. The use of hazardous reinforcement like asbestos fiber in friction materials is being avoided because of its carcinogenic effects. Rule of mixture technique was utilized during sample formulation and a weight percent of 52% filler material, 5% friction modifier, 8% abrasive and 35% binder were utilized for production.  A multi-response optimization technique (grey relational analysis) was used to obtain an optimal process parameter of moulding pressure (14 MPa), moulding temperature (140 ºC), curing time (8 minutes) and heat treatment time (5 hours) for coconut shell-filled brake pad and moulding pressure (14 MPa), moulding temperature (160 ºC), curing time (12 minutes) and heat treatment time (1 hour) for seashell-filled brake pad. Thermal analysis of commercial and optimized samples shows that the commercial brake pads possesses a better thermal stability compared to the optimized formulated brake pad samples with the coconut shell-filled samples showing the least thermal resistance. Also, microstructure analysis of the impact fractured surfaces of the commercial, seashell and coconut shell-filled brake pad was conducted using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed that compare the commercial and seashell-filled samples, there were more uniform distribution of the resin in the coconut shell-filled composite leading to an improved bonding and closer inter- packing distance between its constituent particles and the epoxy resin. It was also revealed that the commercial brake pad possessed a higher thermal stability as the components were not noticeably degraded at temperatures at which the coconut shell and the seashell filled brake pads showed appreciable degradation

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

This study describes antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates obtained from female sex workers in Cotonou, Bénin. All isolates were susceptible to spectinomycin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, and susceptible to moderately susceptible to kanamycin; 9.8% of isolates were resistant to thiamphenicol; 9%, 87.5% and 3.5% were susceptible, moderately susceptible, resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, respectively; 94.4% and 99.3% were resistant to penicillin and tetracycline, respectively. All isolates with a minimal inhibitory concentration of tetracycline of >8 mg/l carried the 'American type' tetM plasmid; 94% and 6% of penicillinase-producing isolates possessed a 3.2 MDa and a 4.4MDa beta-lactamase plasmid, respectively. Surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae isolates to currently used drugs in Africa should become part of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) control programmes

Syndromic versus laboratory-based diagnosis of cervical infections among female sex workers in Benin

BACKGROUND: The syndromic diagnostic approach is the most realistic and cost-effective strategy for controlling sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the developing world. Its potential advantages should be evaluated. GOAL: The goal of the current study was to examine whether the syndromic approach might diagnose more cases of cervicitis due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis than laboratory tests. STUDY DESIGN: The participants were 481 female sex workers in Benin, screened for STIs and treated on the basis of the clinical findings. They were asked to return to the clinic within 10 days for laboratory test results and appropriate treatment when necessary. RESULTS: The prevalence of cervical infections was 24.5%. In comparison to the gold standard, the sensitivity of the syndromic diagnosis approach for the detection of N gonorrhoeae/C trachomatis infections was 48.3%; that of the locally performed laboratory tests was 74.6%. However, the sensitivity of the laboratory tests dropped to 28.8% when it was taken into consideration that 57.6% of the infected women did not return to the clinic within 10 days. CONCLUSIONS: The syndromic diagnosis approach should continue to be used for female sex workers in Benin because returning for treatment is problematic. Presumptive treatment at their initial visit could be a complement to this approach, given the high prevalence of cervicitis in this population

Duodenal atresia, annular pancreas, and situs inversus totalis- rare association in a newborn: A case report

Background: Simultaneous occurrence of duodenal atresia, annular pancreas, and situs inversus totalis is an exceedingly rare clinical condition. This may pose management-related challenges to the treating surgeon. Case Presentation: We report a case with a preoperative diagnosis of duodenal atresia and situs inversus. Intraoperatively, an annular pancreas encircling the duodenum was found. Instead of duodenoduodenostomy, a duodenojejunal anastomosis was performed. The postoperative course remained uneventful. The patient is doing fine on a 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: The simultaneous presence of multiple anomalies in this patient prompted us to utilize an alternative approach to relieve the duodenal obstruction. This report highlights the importance of tailoring surgical decisions based on the individualized needs of the patient

Sexually transmitted infections in male clients of female sex workers in Benin: risk factors and reassessment of the leucocyte esterase dipstick for screening of urethral infections

Objectives: (1) To assess risk factors for urethral infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis among male clients of female sex workers (FSWs) in Benin; (2) to study the validity of LED testing of male urine samples compared to a highly sensitive gold standard (PCR) for the diagnosis of urethral infections with the organisms cited above. Methods: Male clients of FSWs (n=404) were recruited on site at prostitution venues in Cotonou, Benin, between 28 May and 18 August 1998. A urine sample was obtained from each participant just before he visited the FSW, and tested immediately using a leucocyte esterase dipstick (LED) test. It was then tested for HIV using the Calypte EIA with western blot confirmation, and for C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, and T vaginalis by PCR. After leaving the FSW's room, participants were interviewed about demographics, sexual behaviour, STI history and current symptoms and signs, and were examined for urethral discharge, genital ulcers, and inguinal lymphadenopathies. Results: STI prevalences were: C trachomatis, 2.7%; N gonorrhoeae, 5.4%; either chlamydia or gonorrhoea 7.7%; T vaginalis 2.7%; HIV, 8.4%. Lack of condom use with FSWs and a history of STI were independently associated with C trachomatis and/or N gonorrhoeae infection. Over 80% of these infections were in asymptomatic subjects. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the LED test for detection of either C trachomatis or N gonorrhoeae were 48.4%, 94.9%, 44.1%, and 95.7%, respectively. In symptomatic participants (n=22), all these parameters were 100% while they were 47.4%, 94.7%, 37.5%, and 96.4% in asymptomatic men (n=304). Conclusions: Since most STIs are asymptomatic in this population, case finding programmes for gonorrhoea and chlamydia could be useful. The performance characteristics of the LED test in this study suggest that it could be useful to detect asymptomatic infection by either C trachomatis or N gonorrhoeae in high risk men