Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Multiple Pertussis Toxins and Toxoids

Bordetella pertussis (Bp) is the causative agent of pertussis, a vaccine preventable disease occurring primarily in children. In recent years, there has been increased reporting of pertussis. Current pertussis vaccines are acellular and consist of Bp proteins including the major virulence factor pertussis toxin (Ptx), a 5-subunit exotoxin. Variation in Ptx subunit amino acid (AA) sequence could possibly affect the immune response. A blind comparative mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of commercially available Ptx as well as the chemically modified toxoid (Ptxd) from licensed vaccines was performed to assess peptide sequence and AA coverage variability as well as relative amounts of Ptx subunits. Qualitatively, there are similarities among the various sources based on AA percent coverages and MS/MS fragmentation profiles. Additionally, based on a label-free mass spectrometry-based quantification method there is differential relative abundance of the subunits among the sources

SARS Surveillance during Emergency Public Health Response, United States, March–July 2003

In response to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the United States established national surveillance using a sensitive case definition incorporating clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory criteria. Of 1,460 unexplained respiratory illnesses reported by state and local health departments to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from March 17 to July 30, 2003, a total of 398 (27%) met clinical and epidemiologic SARS case criteria. Of these, 72 (18%) were probable cases with radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Eight (2%) were laboratory-confirmed SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infections, 206 (52%) were SARS-CoV negative, and 184 (46%) had undetermined SARS-CoV status because of missing convalescent-phase serum specimens. Thirty-one percent (124/398) of case-patients were hospitalized; none died. Travel was the most common epidemiologic link (329/398, 83%), and mainland China was the affected area most commonly visited. One case of possible household transmission was reported, and no laboratory-confirmed infections occurred among healthcare workers. Successes and limitations of this emergency surveillance can guide preparations for future outbreaks of SARS or respiratory diseases of unknown etiology

Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae DNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Controls

A standardized molecular test for the detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) would assist the further assessment of the association of C. pneumoniae with multiple sclerosis (MS). We developed and validated a qualitative colorimetric microtiter plate-based PCR assay (PCR-EIA) and a real-time quantitative PCR assay (TaqMan) for detection of C. pneumoniae DNA in CSF specimens from MS patients and controls. Compared to a touchdown nested-PCR assay, the sensitivity, specificity, and concordance of the PCR-EIA assay were 88.5%, 93.2%, and 90.5%, respectively, on a total of 137 CSF specimens. PCR-EIA presented a significantly higher sensitivity in MS patients (p = 0.008) and a higher specificity in other neurological diseases (p = 0.018). Test reproducibility of the PCR-EIA assay was statistically related to the volumes of extract DNA included in the test (p = 0.033); a high volume, which was equivalent to 100 µl of CSF per reaction, yielded a concordance of 96.8% between two medical technologists running the test at different times. The TaqMan quantitative PCR assay detected 26 of 63 (41.3%) of positive CSF specimens that tested positive by both PCR-EIA and nested-PCR qualitative assays. None of the CSF specimens that were negative by the two qualitative PCR methods were detected by the TaqMan quantitative PCR. The PCR-EIA assay detected a minimum of 25 copies/ml C. pneumoniae DNA in plasmid-spiked CSF, which was at least 10 times more sensitive than TaqMan. These data indicated that the PCR-EIA assay possessed a sensitivity that was equal to the nested-PCR procedures for the detection of C. pneumoniae DNA in CSF. The TaqMan system may not be sensitive enough for diagnostic purposes due to the low C. pneumoniae copies existing in the majority of CSF specimens from MS patients

A computational genomics pipeline for prokaryotic sequencing projects

Motivation: New sequencing technologies have accelerated research on prokaryotic genomes and have made genome sequencing operations outside major genome sequencing centers routine. However, no off-the-shelf solution exists for the combined assembly, gene prediction, genome annotation and data presentation necessary to interpret sequencing data. The resulting requirement to invest significant resources into custom informatics support for genome sequencing projects remains a major impediment to the accessibility of high-throughput sequence data

Genomic Survey of Bordetella pertussis Diversity, United States, 2000–2013

We characterized 170 complete genome assemblies from clinical Bordetella pertussis isolates representing geographic and temporal diversity in the United States. These data capture genotypic shifts, including increased pertactin deficiency, occurring amid the current pertussis disease resurgence and provide a foundation for needed research to direct future public health control strategies

Isolation of Haemophilus aegyptius associated to Brazilian purpuric fever from Hippelates and Liohippelates flies (Diptera: Chloropidae)

The recognition of the Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) in 1984 led to a number of studies which showed a relation between this disease and conjunctivitis caused by Haemophilus aegyptius. The increase in cases of conjunctivitis in children associated with higher population density of eye gnats (Chloropidae: Hippelates) has been reported since last century. This phenomenon is related to the attraction that those flies show for the eyes, secretions and wounds, from where they feed on. Although there are evidences on the role of these flies in the mechanical transmission of seasonal bacterial conjunctivitis, the isolation of Haemophilus aegyptius from them in their natural habitat had not been demonstrated yet. In this study Haemophilus aegyptius associated to BPF was isolated from two pools of chloropids collected around the eyes of children with conjuntivitis which were identified as Liohippelates peruanus (Becker) and a new species Hippelates neoproboscideus.O reconhecimento da Febre Purpúrica Brasileira (FPB), em 1984, originou uma série de estudos que revelaram uma correlação desta doença com conjuntivites causadas por Haemophiliis aegyptius. A associação do aumento de conjuntivites em crianças e a maior densidade populacional de cloropídeos do gênero Hippelates já havia sido verificada desde o século passado. Este fenômeno está relacionado ao tropismo que estes insetos apresentam pelos olhos, secreções e feridas de onde se alimentam. Embora haja evidências do papel destes cloropídeos na transmissão mecânica de conjuntivites bacterianas, o isolamento de Haemophilus aegyptius a partir dos mesmos, no seu habitat natural, ainda não havia sido verificado. No presente trabalho obtivemos o isolamento de cepas invasivas de Haemophilus aegyptius, associadas à FPB, de duas coleções de cloropídeos, classificados como Liohippelates peruanus e uma espécie nova, Hippelates neoproboscideus, coletados ao redor dos olhos de crianças com conjuntivite