Everything you wanted to ask about EEG but were afraid to get the right answer

We answer several important questions concerning EEG. We also shortly discuss importance of nonlinear methods of contemporary physics in EEG analysis. Basic definitions and explanation of fundamental concepts may be found in my previous publications in NBP

Drogi handlowe i szlaki pielgrzymie jako czynnik integracji w XXI wieku

Projekt Trade Routes and Pilgrimage Trails as a Factor of Integration był jednym z ważniejszych projektów zarówno w karierze profesora Jerzego Kmiecińskiego, jak i w historii Compostela Grupo de Universidades. Teraz, po niemal dwudziestu latach od jego zakończenia warto ponownie przyjrzeć się jego założeniom i dokonaniom, aby zweryfikować jego aktualność i adekwatność do współczesnego świata. Autor analizuje poszczególne elementy programu, zajmuje się więc nowymi „wcieleniami” dróg handlowych, oddzielnie dróg pielgrzymich w XXI w., a oddzielnie samą integracją. Następnie zastanawia się, czy duże zmiany, jakie zaszły w tych kategoriach pojęciowych wpłynęły jakoś na ogólne wnioski oryginalnego projektu. Dochodząc na końcu do kluczowego pytania – czy bardziej zmienił się świat, czy człowiek

O-GlcNAc modifications regulate cell survival and epiboly during zebrafish development

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The post-translational addition of the monosaccharide O-linked β-<it>N</it>-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulates the activity of a wide variety of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. The enzymes O-GlcNAc Transferase (Ogt) and O-GlcNAcase (Oga) catalyze, respectively, the attachment and removal of O-GlcNAc to target proteins. In adult mice, Ogt and Oga attenuate the response to insulin by modifying several components of the signal transduction pathway. Complete loss of <it>ogt </it>function, however, is lethal to mouse embryonic stem cells, suggesting that the enzyme has additional, unstudied roles in development. We have utilized zebrafish as a model to determine role of O-GlcNAc modifications in development. Zebrafish has two <it>ogt </it>genes, encoding six different enzymatic isoforms that are expressed maternally and zygotically.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We manipulated O-GlcNAc levels in zebrafish embryos by overexpressing zebrafish <it>ogt</it>, human <it>oga </it>or by injecting morpholinos against <it>ogt </it>transcripts. Each of these treatments results in embryos with shortened body axes and reduced brains at 24 hpf. The embryos had 23% fewer cells than controls, and displayed increased rates of cell death as early as the mid-gastrula stages. An extensive marker analysis indicates that derivatives of three germ layers are reduced to variable extents, and the embryos are severely disorganized after gastrulation. Overexpression of Ogt and Oga delayed epiboly and caused a severe disorganization of the microtubule and actin based cytoskeleton in the extra-embryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL). The cytoskeletal defects resemble those previously reported for embryos lacking function of the Pou5f1/Oct4 transcription factor <it>spiel ohne grenzen</it>. Consistent with this, Pou5f1/Oct4 is modified by O-GlcNAc in human embryonic stem cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We conclude that O-GlcNAc modifications control the activity of proteins that regulate apoptosis and epiboly movements, but do not seem to regulate germ layer specification. O-GlcNAc modifies the transcription factor Spiel ohne grenzen/Pou5f1 and may regulate its activity.</p

THU0366 SYSTEMATIC CORONARY RISK EVALUATION (SCORE) MISCLASSIFIES CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN ANTISYNTHETASE SYNDROME: RESULTS OF THE PILOT MULTICENTRIC STUDY RI.CAR.D.A.

Background:Antisynthetase Syndrom (ASyS) is an autoimmune overlap disease characterized by antiaminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase (anti-ARS) antibodies and the classic triad of arthritis, myositis and interstitial lung disease (ILD) (1). Markers of cardiovascular (CV) or cerebrovascular (CVB) risk have never been examined in ASyS.Objectives:Aim of this study (RIsk of CARdiovascular Disease in ASyS: RI.CAR.D.A.) was to test the ability of an established traditional CV risk prediction score (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation-SCORE) and its EULAR modified version (mSCORE) to identify ASyS patients at high CV risk. Moreover, we sought to examine for the first time associations of CV surrogate markers with clinical and immunological ASyS parameters.Methods:SCORE/mSCORE and the gold standard marker of aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity-cfPWV) were examined in patients with ASyS and healthy controls in a multicenter setting (6 Rheumatology Centers). Moreover, sonography of the common- (CCA), internal- (ICA) and external- (ECA) carotid arteries was performed in subsets of both groups, evaluating carotid intima-media-thickness (cIMT), plaques and duplex-sonographic indices of CBV risk such as the resistance- (RI) and pulsatility-index (PI).Figure 1.Carotid Doppler surrogate markers of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk in controls and ASyS (case).cIMTCarotid intima media thickness;CAA(common-),ICA(internal),ECA(external) carotid artery;RIresistance index;PIpulsatility index. (all;p0.9 mm) (SCA) in85.7%of the patients respectively. ROC analyses showed similarly poor diagnostic performances of SCORE/mSCORE in comparison to cfPWV(>10 m/s) and SAC by areas under the curve (AUC) of0.56 (95%CI=0.39-0.73) and0.63 (95%CI=0.3-0.96),respectively. cfPWV and SCA were higher in ASyS patients compared to controls (padj=0.021andp=0.003, respectively). cfPWV and cIMT correlated in the patient group significantly with age (r=0.679; p<0.001 and r=0.664; p<0.001,respectively).Moreover, cfPWV correlated with BMI (padj=0.001) and diabetes(padj=0.043). ACC-RI and ACC-PI showed significant associations with a marker of myositis activity [creatine phosphokinase (CPK):r=0.629;p=0.012andr=0.574;p=0.032, respectively]. Finally, ACI-RI and ACI-PI values were higher in patients with ILD (both;p=0.039).Conclusion:This is the first report of higher aortic stiffness and SCA in ASyS patients compared to controls. Active myositis and presence of ILD were associated with higher CVB risk parameters. Furthermore, SCORE/mSCORE performed poorly in identifying patients at high CV risk and carotid arteriosclerosis compared to cfPWV and CS respectively. Thus, cfPWV and CS could improve CV and CBV screening in ASyS patients.References:[1]Cavagna L, et al. Clinical Spectrum Time Course in Anti Jo-1 Positive Antisynthetase Syndrome.Medicine2015;94:1144.Disclosure of Interests:None declare