Optimization of a chitosan solution as potential carrier for the incorporation of Santolina chamaecyparissus L. solid by-product in an edible vegetal coating on Manchego cheese

The occurrence of microorganisms in cheese rinds provokes important economic losses in cheese factories. This may be solved in an environmentally-friendly manner using different edible and biodegradable active coatings. Aromatic plants are particularly well placed to be included in such coatings as they contain different secondary metabolites with beneficial biological properties that could be transferred to the product. In this work, a chitosan solution was optimized for the incorporation of an extract from cotton lavender or Santolina chamaecyparissus L. solid by-product in an edible vegetal coating on Manchego cheese. Namely, the antifungal and antioxidant properties of coatings, as well as the physical characteristics of resulting films were studied. Results showed that the addition of the extract confers significant antioxidant capacities to the coating, increases its antifungal capacities and enhances some physical properties. In addition, the use of coatings containing S. chamaecyparissus by-products is a novel strategy leading to a better management of these residues from the essential oil industry sector.This research has been financially supported by the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias (INIA, http://inia.es) by the project RTA2015-00018-C03-02 and RTA2013-00005-00-00. Gonzalo Ortiz de Elguea-Culebras thanks to the Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deportes (Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha) and the European Social Fund (FSE) for additional funding. Ana I. Bourbon and António A. Vicente thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) by strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Manuel Carmona also thanks to the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for the Ramón y Cajal Fellowships RyC-2014-16307. We are very grateful to Paula Pereira and Eduardo Gudiña for their assistance and technical support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Technological failures caused by cephalexin©in set-type sheep's milk yogurt

Given their broad spectrum, cephalosporins are used for combating mastitis in dairy species. Many cephalosporins, such as cephalexin, have not been authorized for use in lactating sheep and because veterinary drugs for use in small species are lacking, the regulations of several countries allow extra-label use. Incorrect use of extra-label tools may cause residues in milk, and could negatively affect public health by provoking technological failures in the dairy fermenting processes. The effects of cephalexin, at concentrations close to its European Maximal Residue Limit (MRL), have been studied in set-type yogurts made from sheep s milk. Milk was fortified at different cephalexin concentrations and stored yogurts were evaluated in acidification, textural parameters and microbial evolution terms. The results showed that cephalexin concentrations equal to or below its MRL could mainly inhibit normal Streptococcus thermophilus growth and provoke some alterations to acidity parameters, which were more marked in the L(+)-lactic acid isomer.This work has been funded by Project PCI-03-006 (JJCC Castilla-La Mancha, Spain).Noves, B.; Libran, C.; Licon, CC.; Molina Pons, MP.; Molina Casanova, A.; Berruga Fernandez, MI. (2015). Technological failures caused by cephalexin©in set-type sheep's milk yogurt. CyTA - Journal of Food. 13(3):408-414. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2014.990519S408414133AMBROS, L., KREIL, V., TARRAGONA, L., MONFRINOTTI, A., HALLU, R., & REBUELTO, M. (2010). Comparative pharmacokinetics of intravenous cephalexin in pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant, nonlactating goats. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 34(4), 397-402. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01232.xBeltrán, M. C., Althaus, R. L., Berruga, M. I., Molina, A., & Molina, M. P. (2014). Detection of antibiotics in sheep milk by receptor-binding assays. International Dairy Journal, 34(2), 184-189. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.09.006BERRUGA, M. I., NOVÉS, B., MOLINA, M. P., ROMÁN, M., & MOLINA, A. (2008). Influence of cephalosporins on the coagulation time of yogurt made from ewes’ milk. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 61(4), 372-378. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0307.2008.00421.xBonczar, G. (2002). The effects of certain factors on the properties of yoghurt made from ewe’s milk. Food Chemistry, 79(1), 85-91. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00182-6Dewdney, J. M., Maes, L., Raynaud, J. P., Blanc, F., Scheid, J. P., Jackson, T., … Verschueren, C. (1991). Risk assessment of antibiotic residues of β-lactams and macrolides in food products with regard to their immuno-allergic potential. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 29(7), 477-483. doi:10.1016/0278-6915(91)90095-oGrunwald, L. (2002).Untersuchungen zur Analytik und zum Einfluss technologischer Prozesse auf Penicillinrüchstände in Milch[Investigation and analysis on the influence of penicillin residues in milk on technological processes] (Doctoral Thesis). Universität Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.HIRANO, R., HIRANO, M., OOOKA, M., DOSAKO, S., NAKAJIMA, I., & IGOSHI, K. (1998). Lactoperoxidase Effects on Rheological Properties of Yogurt. Journal of Food Science, 63(1), 35-38. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1998.tb15670.xJarvis, B. (1973). Comparison of an Improved Rose Bengal-Chlortetracycline Agar with Other Media for the Selective Isolation and Enumeration of Moulds and Yeasts in Foods. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 36(4), 723-727. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1973.tb04157.xKatsiari, M. C., Voutsinas, L. P., & Kondyli, E. (2002). Manufacture of yoghurt from stored frozen sheep’s milk. Food Chemistry, 77(4), 413-420. doi:10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00367-3Mathur, S., & Singh, R. (2005). Antibiotic resistance in food lactic acid bacteria—a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 105(3), 281-295. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.03.008Molina, A., Molina, M. ., Althaus, R. ., & Gallego, L. (2003). Residue Persistence in Sheep Milk Following Antibiotic Therapy. The Veterinary Journal, 165(1), 84-89. doi:10.1016/s1090-0233(02)00173-9Oliver, S. P., Murinda, S. E., & Jayarao, B. M. (2011). Impact of Antibiotic Use in Adult Dairy Cows on Antimicrobial Resistance of Veterinary and Human Pathogens: A Comprehensive Review. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 8(3), 337-355. doi:10.1089/fpd.2010.0730Robinson, R. K., & Itsaranuwat, P. (s. f.). Properties of Yoghurt and their Appraisal. Fermented Milks, 76-94. doi:10.1002/9780470995501.ch4Salvador, A., & Fiszman, S. M. (2004). Textural and Sensory Characteristics of Whole and Skimmed Flavored Set-Type Yogurt During Long Storage. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(12), 4033-4041. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73544-4Schmidt, C. W. (2012). FDA Proposes to Ban Cephalosporins from Livestock Feed. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(3). doi:10.1289/ehp.120-a106Stelios, K., & Emmanuel, A. (2004). Characteristics of set type yoghurt made from caprine or ovine milk and mixtures of the two. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 39(3), 319-324. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.00788.xTamime, A. Y., & Robinson, R. K. (2007). Tamime and Robinson’s Yoghurt. doi:10.1533/9781845692612Voutsinas, L. P., Katsiari, M. C., Pappas, C. P., & Mallatou, H. (1996). Production of yoghurt from sheep’s milk which had been concentrated by reverse osmosis and stored frozen. 2. Compositional, microbiological, sensory and physical characteristics of yoghurt. Food Research International, 29(3-4), 411-416. doi:10.1016/0963-9969(96)83273-xVuković, V., & Kasalica, A. (2004). Effect of penicillin in concentration below the sensitivity level of biological methods on yoghurt cultures and yoghurt. Acta Alimentaria, 33(2), 167-174. doi:10.1556/aalim.33.2004.2.

A neuroimaging study of functional connectivity during an emotion regulation task in major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder

One common denominator to the clinical phenotypes of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is dysfunctional emotion regulation. Although these two conditions have been studied extensively in separate, it is not clear whether emotion regulation impairments are underpinned by shared neurobiological correlates. In the case of BPD, emotion regulation deficits relate to impulsivity, whereas MDD patients exhibit more frequent use of maladaptive strategies when regulating affect [1] and [2].Fil: De La Peña Arteaga, V.. Universidad de Barcelona. Hospital Duran I Reynals. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge; EspañaFil: Stewar, T.. Universidad de Barcelona. Hospital Duran I Reynals. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge; EspañaFil: Berruga Sánchez, M.. Universidad de Barcelona. Hospital Duran I Reynals. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge; EspañaFil: Goldberg, Ximena. Parc Taulí University Hospital; EspañaFil: Martínez Zalacaín, I.. Universidad de Barcelona. Hospital Duran I Reynals. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge; EspañaFil: Wainzstein, Agustina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez Mercé, Rocío. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Camacho Téllez, Vicente. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Vulcano, Mercedes. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Abulafia, Carolina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Vigo, Daniel Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Institute for Early Life Adversity Research; Estados UnidosFil: Villarreal, Mirta Fabiana. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cardoner, Narcis. Parc Taulí University Hospital; EspañaFil: Nemeroff, Charles B.. University of Texas at Austin; Estados UnidosFil: Castro, Mariana Nair. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Menchón, José M.. Universidad de Barcelona. Hospital Duran I Reynals. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge; EspañaFil: Guinjoan, Salvador Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Soriano Mas, Carles. Universidad de Barcelona. Hospital Duran I Reynals. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Bellvitge; España32nd European College of Neuropsychopharmacology CongressCopenhagenDinamarcaEuropean Congress Neuropsychopharmacolog

Effect of the presence of colostrum on microbial screening methods for antibiotic detection in goats milk

[EN] The aim of this work was to study the response of microbial tests used for the detection of antibiotics in colostrum and in colostrum-containing goats' milk. For this purpose, colostrum and milk samples were collected from 43 Murciano-Granadina goats every 12 h during the first 7 days of lactation. All samples were analysed by the microbial inhibitor tests BRT MRL, Delvotest SP-NT MCS and Eclipse 100. The results show that the tests were not suitable for the analysis of goat colostrum because they presented a high percentage of doubtful and positive results for samples of the first 24h post-partum. Only the Delvotest SP-NT MCS could be used successfully for samples from 36 h post-partum onwards, as it shows a very high specificity, while this was not obtained for BRT MRL and Eclipse 100 until 96 h post-partum. According to the logistic regression model, the occurrence of noncompliant results for these screening tests is mainly related to the high protein content of colostral secretions. Furthermore, to study the influence of the presence of colostrum on goats' milk, antibiotic and colostrum-free farm tank milk was used, to which different concentrations (n = 12) of colostrum obtained at different time points (12, 24,36 and 48 h) were added. Positive results appeared in BRT MRL for milk mixed with relatively low concentrations of colostrum collected at 12-24h post-partum (7.5-10%, respectively), while in the Delvotest SP-NT MCS and Eclipse 100 non-compliant results only occurred for milk with high concentrations (>= 35%) of colostrum for both time points. Moreover, high concentrations >= 20% of colostrum from 36 to 48 h are needed to affect the BRT MRL. Low concentrations of colostrum in milk that may cause non-compliant results can be avoided if good farming practices of identification and separation of goats at the beginning of lactation are respected. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.This work is part of the AGL-2009-11524 funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Madrid, Spain) and the Generalitat Valenciana (ACOMP/2012/164, Valencia, Spain). The authors are grateful to AiM Analytik in MilchProduktions-und Vertriebs-GmbH (Munich, Germany), DSM Food Specialties (Delft, The Netherlands) and ZEULAB S.L. (Zaragoza, Spain) for their support.Romero Rueda, T.; Beltrán Martínez, MC.; Pérez Baena, I.; Rodríguez Garcia, M.; Molina Pons, MP. (2014). Effect of the presence of colostrum on microbial screening methods for antibiotic detection in goats milk. Small Ruminant Research. 121(2-3):376-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.07.007S3763811212-