Graphite Nanostructures Produce in the Acetylene, Argon-Acetylene and Argon-Hydrogen-Acetylene Plasmas

The amorphous carbon films were deposited on silicon-metal substrates by plasma jet chemical vapor deposition (PJCVD) and plasma enchanted CVD (PECVD). PJCVD carbon coatings have been prepared at atmospheric pressure in Ar/ C2H2 and Ar/H2/C2H2 mixtures. The films prepared in Ar/C2H2 plasma are attributed to graphite-like carbon films. Addition of the hydrogen decreases growth rate and the surface roughness of the coatings, but coatings have low fraction of oxygen (~5 at.%) The formation of the nanocrystalline graphite was obtained in Ar/H2/C2H2 plasma. The carbon nanotubes were synthesed by PECVD using Au/Cr catalyst particles at low (≤ 450 C; p = 40 Pa ) temperature in pure acetylene. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3538

Health-related claims on food labels in Australia: understanding environmental health officers\u27 roles and implications for policy

Objective Health and related claims on food labels can support consumer education initiatives that encourage purchase of healthier foods. A new food Standard on Nutrition, Health and Related Claims became law in January 2013. Implementation will need careful monitoring and enforcement to ensure that claims are truthful and have meaning. The current study explored factors that may impact on environmental health officers\u27 food labelling policy enforcement practices. Design The study used a mixed-methods approach, using two previously validated quantitative questionnaire instruments that provided measures of the level of control that the officers exercised over their work, as well as qualitative, semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Setting Local government; Australia. Subjects Thirty-seven officers in three Australian states participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews, as well as completing the quantitative questionnaires. Senior and junior officers, including field officers, participated in the study. Results The officers reported a high level of autonomy and control of their work, but also a heavy workload, dominated by concerns for public health and food safety, with limited time for monitoring food labels. Compliance of labels with proposed health claims regulations was not considered a priority. Lipsky\u27s theory of street-level bureaucracy was used to enhance understanding of officers\u27 work practices. Conclusions Competing priorities affect environmental health officers\u27 monitoring and enforcement of regulations. Understanding officers\u27 work practices and their perceptions of enforcement is important to increase effectiveness of policy implementation and hence its capacity to augment education initiatives to optimize health benefits

Calibration of Vilnius public transport model

The application of information technologies preconditions the optimisation of performance of transport systems: improvement of the performance quality, safety and efficiency of the overall system, increase in capacity, reduction of the trip duration without high financial investment into construction of the new technical infrastructure. The transport modelling is the only economical and sufficiently reliable way to carry out a forward assessment of the impact of the innovations to be applied on the overall system. The network of Vilnius public transport was built up on the data of 2002, and the year 2002 saw the last comprehensive surveys. Building up the PT network the data was taken from the VIDAS database, created in 2002 while drafting the special plan for Vilnius transport infrastructure (tram) development. The morning rush hour, when the passenger flows are maximum, was chosen for the modelling. Calibration of Vilnius PT network was carried out after selection of three possible methods: TSys-based, Headway-based and Timetable-based. In the timetable-based model Logit, Kirchhoff, BoxCox and Lochse distribution factors are inter-changed. Analysis of all coefficients received when modelling allows a conclusion that further modelling of the development of Vilnius public transport network should be based on Timetable-based model choosing Kirchhoff or BocCox distribution laws, whereof conformity to the basic averages of coefficients of the 2002 survey is respectively 0,82 and 0,81. This would facilitate adopting solutions to the development of the public transport systems and would increase their reliability. The calculated coefficients revealed that TSys-based methods were mostly removed from reality, and the average coefficient of failure to conform to the data of the 2002 survey is 0,24. This method did not give any data about the load on the stops, although the number of trips modelled with the help of this method was most proximate to the survey data, i.e. 0,69 %

The role of hydrogen in a-C:H films deposited from hexane or acetylene

Present work provides results for amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films deposited by direct ion beam deposition method. Hexane (C6H14) or acetylene (C2H2) precursors and their mixture with hydrogen (H2) were used. The films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy (RS), ellipsometry, IR transmittance and electrical resistance measurements. RS indicated increase of sp3/sp2 bonding ratio and disorder in graphite clusters with increasing hydrogen content (from O to 50% for acetylene precursor) in deposition gas mixture. The opposite trend was observed when the hydrogen concentration exceeds 50% (for acetylene) or additional hydrogen was used (for hexane). The data of electrical resistance measurements supported the correlations defined by RS

The fire resistance assessment of protected steel elements using various fire protection materials and different heating conditions /

The problem of the resistance to fire of metal constructions is examined and different fire resistance furnaces are overviewed. Testing conditions and testing methods by which the elements were tested resistance to fire were performed and provided. The article describes the behaviour of different fireproof materials during the tests and it analyzes the influence of different heating conditions to element’s fire resistance class. The tests’ results, findings, advices are also included. Santrauka Darbe nagrinėjama metalinių konstrukcijų atsparumo ugniai problema. Apžvelgta skirtinga atsparumo ugniai nustatymo įranga. Pateikiamos sąlygos, kuriomis buvo atliekami atsparumo ugniai bandymai su skirtingais elementais. Nagrinėjama skirtingų priešgaisrinių apsaugos medžiagų reakcija bandymo metu ir analizuojama, kaip skirtingos klimatobei aplinkos sąlygos gali lemti elementų atsparumo ugniai klasę. Pateikiami atliktų bandymų rezultatai, atlikta išsami rezultatų analizė, pateiktos išvados. Raktiniai žodžiai: atsparumas ugniai, plieninė konstrukcija, temperatūros ir laiko kreivė, apsauginė medžiag

The role of hydrogen in a-C:H films deposited from hexane or acetylene

Present work provides results for amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films deposited by direct ion beam deposition method. Hexane (C6H14) or acetylene (C2H2) precursors and their mixture with hydrogen (H2) were used. The films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy (RS), ellipsometry, IR transmittance and electrical resistance measurements. RS indicated increase of sp3/sp2 bonding ratio and disorder in graphite clusters with increasing hydrogen content (from O to 50% for acetylene precursor) in deposition gas mixture. The opposite trend was observed when the hydrogen concentration exceeds 50% (for acetylene) or additional hydrogen was used (for hexane). The data of electrical resistance measurements supported the correlations defined by RS

Efficacy of topical therapy with newly developed terbinafine and econazole formulations in the treatment of dermatophytosis in cats

In the field of veterinary dermatology dermatophytosis is one of the most frequently occurring infectious diseases, therefore its treatment should be effective, convenient, safe and inexpensive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of newly developed topical formulations in the treatment of cats with dermatophytosis. Evaluation of clinical efficacy and safety of terbinafine and econazole formulations administered topically twice a day was performed in 40 cats. Cats, suffering from the most widely spread Microsporum canis-induced dermatophytosis and treated with terbinafine hydrochloride 1% cream, recovered within 20.3±0.88 days; whereas when treated with econazole nitrate 1% cream, they recovered within 28.4±1.14 days. A positive therapeutic effect was yielded by combined treatment with local application of creams and whole coat spray with enilconazole 0.2% emulsion „Imaverol”. Most cats treated with econazole cream revealed redness and irritation of the skin at the site of application. This study demonstrates that terbinafine tended to have superior clinical efficacy (p<0.001) in the treatment of dermatophytosis in cats compared to the azole tested