Thermofield Dynamics of the Heterotic String - Physical Aspects of the Thermal Duality -

The thermofield dynamics of the D = 10 heterotic thermal string theory is described in proper reference to the thermal duality symmetry as well as the thermal stability of modular invariance in association with the global phase structure of the D = 10 heterotic thermal string ensemble.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, Minor correction

Thermal DD-Brane Boundary States from Green-Schwarz Superstrings

In this paper we thermalize the type II superstrings in the GS formulation by applying the TFD formalism. The thermal boundary conditions on the thermal Hilbert space are obtained from the BPS $D$-brane boundary conditions at zero temperature. We show that thermal boundary states can be obtained by thermalization from the BPS $D$-branes at zero temperature. These new states can be interpreted as thermal $D$-branes. Next, we discuss the supersymmetry breaking of the thermal string in the TFD approach. We identify the broken supersymmetry with the $\epsilon$-transformation while the $\eta$-transformation is preserved. Also, we compute the thermal partition function and the entropy of the thermal string.Comment: 23 pages, LATeX fil

Entanglement induced by nonadiabatic chaos

We investigate entanglement between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom for a model nonadiabatic system. We find that entanglement (measured by the von Neumann entropy of the subsystem for the eigenstates) is large in a statistical sense when the system shows ``nonadiabatic chaos'' behavior which was found in our previous work [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 63}, 066221 (2001)]. We also discuss non-statistical behavior of the eigenstates for the regular cases.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Time-dependent perturbation theory for vibrational energy relaxation and dephasing in peptides and proteins

Without invoking the Markov approximation, we derive formulas for vibrational energy relaxation (VER) and dephasing for an anharmonic system oscillator using a time-dependent perturbation theory. The system-bath Hamiltonian contains more than the third order coupling terms since we take a normal mode picture as a zeroth order approximation. When we invoke the Markov approximation, our theory reduces to the Maradudin-Fein formula which is used to describe VER properties of glass and proteins. When the system anharmonicity and the renormalization effect due to the environment vanishes, our formulas reduce to those derived by Mikami and Okazaki invoking the path-integral influence functional method [J. Chem. Phys. 121 (2004) 10052]. We apply our formulas to VER of the amide I mode of a small amino-acide like molecule, N-methylacetamide, in heavy water.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, submitted to J. Chem. Phy

First Order Semiclassical Thermal String in the AdS Spacetime

We formulate the finite temperature theory for the free thermal excitations of the bosonic string in the anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime in the Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) approach. The spacetime metric is treated exactly while the string and the thermal reservoir are semiclassically quantized at the first order perturbation theory with respect to the dimensionless parameter \epsilon = \a ' H^{-2}. In the conformal $D=2+1$ black-hole AdS background the quantization is exact. The method can be extended to the arbitrary AdS spacetime only in the first order perturbation. This approximation is taken in the center of mass reference frame and it is justified by the fact that at the first order the string dynamics is determined only by the interaction between the {\em free} string oscillation modes and the {\em exact} background. The first order thermal string is obtained by thermalization of the $T = 0$ system carried on by the TFD Bogoliubov operator. We determine the free thermal string states and compute the local entropy and free energy in the center of mass reference frame.Comment: Minor typos corrected. Two references added. LATeX file, 19 page

Finite Temperature QCD on Anisotropic Lattices

We present results for mesonic propagators in temporal and spatial direction and for topological properties at T below and above the deconfining transition in quenched QCD. We use anisotropic lattices and Wilson fermions.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, Talk given at 16th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE 98(hightemp)) , Boulder, CO, 13-18 Jul 1998. (Replaced: Fig.4 corrected, further minor modifications in legends and text.

Towards Resolution of Hierarchy Problems in a Cosmological Context

A cosmological scenario is proposed, which simultaneously solves the mass hierarchy and the small dark energy problem. In the present scenario an effective gravity mass scale (inverse of the Newton's constant) increases during the inflationary period. The small cosmological constant or the dark energy density in the present universe is dynamically realized by introducing two, approximately O(2) symmetric dilatons, taking the fundamental mass scale at TeV.Comment: 12 pages, no figur

Combined immunosuppressive therapy with low dose FK506 and antimetabolites in rat allogeneic heart transplantation

Following rat heterotopic heart allotransplantation, low to lethal doses of the antimetabolites mizoribine (MIZ), RS-61443 (RS), and AZA were given alone or in combination with subtherapeutic doses of FK506 (0.04 mg/kg/day) for 14 days after transplantation. With the median effect analysis of Chou and Kahan for quantitative drug interactions, substantial therapeutic synergism was demonstrated between FK506 and nontoxic doses of MĪZ (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day) or AZA (5, 30, and 45 mg/kg/day), which was particularly evident with the lowest dose MIZ (2.5 mg/kg/day). When FK506 was used in combination with MIZ or AZA but not with RS, the maximum effect (peak median graft survival) was enhanced significantly from 15 days (MIZ alone) to 26 days (P<0.05), and from 19 days (AZA alone) to 32 days (P<0.0l). In contrast, RS interacted with FK506 no more than additively. Although RS was the most powerful single antimetabolite, the best overall survival was obtained by combining AZA and FK506. The addition of FK506 did not significantly increase the percent mortality and LD50 of the antimetabolites. © 1994 by Williams and Wilkins