Modifying Science Activities and Materials to Enhance Instruction for Students with Learning and Behavioral Problems

Most science educators report a willingness to teach students with learning and behavioral differences; however, they often also indicate having limited information about how to make the science classroom more accessible. One avenue of support is the modification of science instructional materials in order to reduce barriers that may exist as a result of poor reading, organization, or work-completion skills. Some suggestions for instruction modifications are provided in this article. Also included is a sample science activity that was redesigned to support students with learning and behavioral concerns.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

The comet Halley dust and gas environment

Quantitative descriptions of environments near the nucleus of comet P /Halley have been developed to support spacecraft and mission design for the flyby encounters in March, 1986. To summarize these models as they exist just before the encounters, we review the relevant data from prior Halley apparitions and from recent cometary research. Orbital elements, visual magnitudes, and parameter values and analysis for the nucleus, gas and dust are combined to predict Halley's position, production rates, gas and dust distributions, and electromagnetic radiation field for the current perihelion passage. The predicted numerical results have been useful for estimating likely spacecraft effects, such as impact damage and attitude perturbation. Sample applications are cited, including design of a dust shield for spacecraft structure, and threshold and dynamic range selection for flight experiments. We expect that the comet's activity may be more irregular than these smoothly varying models predict, and that comparison with the flyby data will be instructive.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43774/1/11214_2004_Article_BF00175326.pd