Simulação da Produção de Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) e Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) em Sistemas Agroflorestais Utilizando Modelos de Dinâmica de Sistemas.

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Análise financeira de sistemas produtivos integrados.

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Sistemas agroflorestais: conciliando a conservação do ambiente e a geração de renda nas propriedades rurais.

Durante o processo de consolidação dos SAFs em Roraima houve a necessidade de obter informações técnicas sobre as diferentes etapas de implantação e manejo dos modelos agroflorestais. Os trabalhos de pesquisa foram conduzidos no campo experimental Confiança, pertencente à Embrapa Roraima. O modelo agrossilvicultural foi composto por culturas anuais (arroz, milho, soja, feijão caupi (Vigna sp.) e mandioca), bananeira, ingá-de-metro, gliricídia (Gliricidia sepium), cupuaçuzeiro, pupunheira, castanha-do-Brasil e cupiúba (Goupia glabra). A avaliação financeira apresentou resultados onde a proporção entre as receitas e os custos em cada ano do desenvolvimento do projeto, tornou evidente que as receitas superaram os custos a partir do oitavo ano, com uma tendência positiva até o último ano de avaliação do projeto. Houve maior demanda de mão-de-obra no início da implantação do projeto com uma gradativa redução desta necessidade à medida que o projeto atingiu sua estabilidade. O ponto mais importante a ser observado nesta tendência é a quantidade de diárias necessárias em cada fase de avaliação do projeto (implantação, consolidação, estabilidade e finalização). Os principais indicadores financeiros, avaliados durante o período de 20 anos, com uma taxa de juros de 4%, foram: RB/C= 3,7; VPL=R$ 83.276,50; TIR= 35,40%, com tempo de retorno do investimento de 5,4 anos. Tais resultados indicam a viabilidade financeira do modelo agroflorestal avaliado

A hybrid approach to robustness analyses of flight control laws in re-entry applications

The present paper aims at improving the efficiency of the robustness analyses of flight control laws with respect to conventional techniques, especially when applied to vehicles following time-varying reference trajectories, such as in an atmospheric re-entry. A nonlinear robustness criterion is proposed, stemming from the practical stability framework, which allows dealing effectively with such cases. A novel approach is presented, which exploits the convexity of linear time varying systems, coupled to an approximate description of the original nonlinear system by a certain number of its time-varying linearizations. The suitability of the approximating systems is evaluated in a probabilistic fashion making use of the unscented transformation technique. The effectiveness and potentials of the method are ascertained by application to the robustness analysis of the longitudinal flight control laws of the Italian Aerospace Research Center (CIRA) experimental vehicle USV

Neural Surface Antibodies and Neurodegeneration: Clinical Commonalities and Pathophysiological Relationships

Autoimmune encephalitis and neurodegenerative disorders share several clinical features, including behavioural and psychiatric manifestations, cognitive impairment, sleep and movement disorders. Therefore, it is not surprising that autoimmune encephalitis is one of the main differential diagnoses of rapidly progressive dementia. However, more chronic presentations of autoimmune disorders have been reported and can lead to the misdiagnosis of a neurodegenerative disease. On the other hand, antibodies against neuronal proteins, such as those directed against NMDAR, can occur during established neurogenerative disorders, and their role in this context is still unclear. They might be simple bystanders or modify the disease course and phenotype. Indeed, autoimmune encephalitis can leave long-term cognitive sequelae and specific antibodies to neuronal surface antigens are associated with clinical and pathological neurodegenerative features. Here we review the link between these antibodies and neurodegeneration. In particular we discuss: (a) the possibility that autoimmune encephalitis presents as a neurodegenerative disease, identifying the red flags that can help in the differential diagnosis between antibody-mediated and neurodegenerative disorders; (b) the occurrence of antibodies against neuronal surface antigens in patients with neurodegenerative disorders and their possible role in the disease course; and (c) the long-term cognitive and neuroradiological changes associated with autoimmune encephalitis, as well as the biomarkers that can help to predict the cognitive outcome. Finally, we review the clinical and pathological features of IgLON5 antibodies-related encephalitis, a unique model of the relationship between antibodies and neurodegeneration