Effect of the Influent COD Concentration on the Anaerobic Digestion of Winery Wastewaters from Grape-Red and Tropical Fruit (Guava) Wine Production in Fluidized Bed Reactors with Chilean Natural Zeolite for Biomass Immobilization

The effect of the influent COD concentration on the performance of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors treating winery wastewaters from grape-red wine (GRWW) and guava wine production (GWW) was studied at laboratory scale. Two reactors were used: one treating GRWW (AFB1) and the other processing GWW (AFB2). The behaviour of these reactors packed with Chilean zeolite as biomass immobilization support was compared at mesophilic temperature (35 °C). Influent COD varied from γ = 1–24 g L–1 and the HRT was maintained constant at 1 day throughout the experiment. During the experiment, influent and effluent pH, TVFA, COD and methane gas production were determined. COD removal efficiency increased with the influent COD up to a maximum of around γ = 19 g L–1 for GRWW and up to around 22 g L–1 for GWW due to the increase of the concentration of phenols. Process performance was slightly better with guava winery wastewater than with grape-red winery wastewater due its lower phenolic content. During the period of non-inhibition the methane yield was virtually constant

A H ∞ control solution for space debris removal missions using robotic arms: the ESA e.Deorbit case

This paper is an application-oriented paper about space active debris removal. It discusses the design of a robust H∞ control solution for the ESA’s e.Deorbit mission, whose aim is to remove the Envisat defunct satellite from the low earth orbit protected zone. The solution pertains to a particular technological mean that involves a spacecraft equipped with a robotic manipulator, being operated in tight coordination with the spacecraft platform motion. The proposed solution is based jointly on the H∞ mixed sensitivity approach and the H∞ normalized coprime factor loop-shaping control theory. It is demonstrated in the paper, how uncertainties in the system can be efficiently managed. Simulation results conducted with the ESA’s e.Deorbit mission simulator, demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed control solution

Biological sulphate removal in acid mine drainage using anaerobic fixed bed reactors with cheese whey as a carbon source

7 páginas, 5 figuras, 2 tablas.The effect of the hydraulic retention time and the sulphate-total COD ratio on the performance of an anaerobic biological process applied to acid mine drainage water (AMD) was evaluated using cheese whey as a carbon source. Laboratoryscale fixed bed bioreactors operating at 25 ± 2 ºC were used in the experiments. Maximum sulphate reduction and hydrogen sulphide production were achieved at a hydraulic retention time of 8 days and at a sulphate-total COD ratio of 0.5. Under these conditions, the sulphate removal was found to be 68.1% while the hydrogen sulphide production was 0.27 L/day. At the same time, the total COD removal obtained was 55.4%.The authors wish to express their gratitude to the “Consejería de Medio Ambiente (Junta de Andalucia)” for providing financial support.Peer reviewe

An insertion algorithm on multiset partitions with applications to diagram algebras

We generalize the Robinson–Schensted–Knuth algorithm to the insertion of two row arrays of multisets. This generalization leads to new enumerative results that have representation theoretic interpretations as decompositions of centralizer algebras and the spaces they act on. In addition, restrictions on the multisets lead to further identities and representation theory analogues. For instance, we obtain a bijection between words of length k with entries in [n] and pairs of tableaux of the same shape with one being a standard Young tableau of size n and the other being a standard multiset tableau of content [k]. We also obtain an algorithm from partition diagrams to pairs of a standard tableau and a standard multiset tableau of the same shape, which has the remarkable property that it is well-behaved with respect to restricting a representation to a subalgebra. This insertion algorithm matches recent representation-theoretic results of Halverson and Jacobson [15]

An insertion algorithm for diagram algebras

We generalize the Robinson–Schensted–Knuth algorithm to the insertion of two row arrays of multisets. This generalization leads to an algorithm from partition diagrams to pairs of a standard tableau and a standard multiset tableau of the same shape, which has the remarkable property that it is well-behaved with respect to restricting a representation to a subalgebra. This insertion algorithm matches recent representation-theoretic results of Halverson and Jacobson

Peningkatan motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa menggunakan teknik bermain peran dalam pembelajaran PKN kelas IIIA SDN Ungaran I

We generalize the Robinson–Schensted–Knuth algorithm to the insertion of two row arrays of multisets. This generalization leads to new enumerative results that have representation theoretic interpretations as decompositions of centralizer algebras and the spaces they act on. In addition, restrictions on the multisets lead to further identities and representation theory analogues. For instance, we obtain a bijection between words of length k with entries in [n] and pairs of tableaux of the same shape with one being a standard Young tableau of size n and the other being a standard multiset tableau of content [k]. We also obtain an algorithm from partition diagrams to pairs of a standard tableau and a standard multiset tableau of the same shape, which has the remarkable property that it is well-behaved with respect to restricting a representation to a subalgebra. This insertion algorithm matches recent representation-theoretic results of Halverson and Jacobson [15]

Evaluation of the water quality in the Guadarrama river at the section of Las Rozas-Madrid, Spain

The variation of the water quality of the Guadarrama river and its tributaries in a section of Las Rozas-Madrid, Spain, was studied during the time period between January 2003 and January 2008. The parameter water quality index (WQI) was used to determine the water quality based on the conventional parameters of pollution. It was found that the WQI was slightly affected in the section evaluated. The value of the WQI was in the range of 56-64, which corresponded to the classification of 'good quality'. It was determined that 64.3% of the organic matter present in the river was removed in the section of Las Rozas-Madrid. The river acted as a plug flow reactor and a first-order kinetics governed the ultimate biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (BODU) decay. The value of the first-order constant demonstrated the river's high self-purification capacity. In addition, a high linear relationship was found between the WQI and the dissolved oxygen deficit (D). Therefore, a quick determination of WQI may be carried out if the values of D are known. These are easily obtainable by field measurements. © 2009 CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Water and Environment Journal © 2009 CIWEM.We thank the municipal Government of ‘Las Rozas-Madrid’ (Madrid, Spain), the ‘Consejeria de Medio Ambiente’ for providing financial support for the present work through the programme of ‘Optimización de Recursos’ and to the ‘Laboratorio Municipal de Salud Pública’.Peer Reviewe