Fast electrochemical doping due to front instability in organic semiconductors

The electrochemical doping transformation in organic semiconductor devices is studied in application to light-emitting cells. It is shown that the device performance can be significantly improved by utilizing new fundamental properties of the doping process. We obtain an instability, which distorts the doping fronts and increases the doping rate considerably. We explain the physical mechanism of the instability, develop theory, provide experimental evidence, and perform numerical simulations. We further show how improved device design can amplify the instability thus leading to a much faster doping process and device kinetics.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

The Effect of Financial Performance on Investor Reaction With the Timeliness of Financial Statement Submission as a Mediation Factor

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh kinerja keuangan perusahaan dan keterlambatan penyampaian laporan keuangan terhadap reaksi investor. Penelitian ini juga menguji apakah keterlambatan penyampaian laporan keuangan memediasi pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap reaksi investor. Pada tahun 2020, Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) mengeluarkan kebijakan stimulus dan relaksasi untuk menjaga stabilitas pasar modal dengan memperpanjang waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan tahunan selama dua bulan dari batas waktu. Namun hingga batas waktu perpanjangan, masih banyak perusahaan yang belum menyampaikan laporan keuangannya. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terlambat menyampaikan laporan keuangan tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis Warp PLS dan Sobel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perusahaan yang terlambat menyampaikan laporan keuangan mengalami kinerja keuangan yang kurang baik. Kinerja keuangan berpengaruh positif terhadap harga saham. Kinerja keuangan berpengaruh negatif terhadap keterlambatan penyampaian laporan keuangan. Keterlambatan penyampaian laporan keuangan memediasi pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap harga saham. Efek mediasi yang terjadi adalah mediasi kompetitif. Namun berdasarkan hasil alat analisis SOBEL menunjukkan jika mediasi tersebut tidak signifikan. Kata kunci: kinerja keuangan, keterlambatan penyampaian laporan keuangan, harga saham Abstract This study aims to examine the effect of a company’s financial performance and detain in submitting a financial statement on investor reaction. This study also examines whether the delay in submitting financial statements mediates the effect of financial performance on investor reaction. In 2020, the IDX issued a policy of stimulus and relaxation in maintaining the stability of the capital market by extending the time for submitting annual financial reports for two months from the deadline. However, until the deadline for the extension, there are still many companies that have not submitted their financial reports. The research sample is companies that are late in submitting financial statements in 2020. This study uses Warp PLS and Sobel analysis tools. The result shows that financial performance positively affect the stock price. The financial performance has a negative effect on delays in submitting the financial statement. The delay in submitting a financial statement mediates the effect of financial performance on stock price but the mediation is not significant. Keywords: Financial performance; late submission of financial report; stock pric

Inter-Intra Molecular Dynamics as an Iterated Function System

The dynamics of units (molecules) with slowly relaxing internal states is studied as an iterated function system (IFS) for the situation common in e.g. biological systems where these units are subjected to frequent collisional interactions. It is found that an increase in the collision frequency leads to successive discrete states that can be analyzed as partial steps to form a Cantor set. By considering the interactions among the units, a self-consistent IFS is derived, which leads to the formation and stabilization of multiple such discrete states. The relevance of the results to dynamical multiple states in biomolecules in crowded conditions is discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures. submitted to Europhysics Letter

Genomic analysis of four strains of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis bv. Equi isolated from horses showing distinct signs of infection.

The genomes of four strains (MB11, MB14, MB30, and MB66) of the species Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar equi were sequenced on the Ion Torrent PGM platform, completely assembled, and their gene content and structure were analyzed. The strains were isolated from horses with distinct signs of infection, including ulcerative lymphangitis, external abscesses on the chest, or internal abscesses on the liver, kidneys, and lungs. The average size of the genomes was 2.3 Mbp, with 2169 (Strain MB11) to 2235 (Strain MB14) predicted coding sequences (CDSs). An optical map of the MB11 strain generated using the KpnI restriction enzyme showed that the approach used to assemble the genome was satisfactory, producing good alignment between the sequence observed in vitro and that obtained in silico. In the resulting Neighbor-Joining dendrogram, the C. pseudotuberculosis strains sequenced in this study were clustered into a single clade supported by a high bootstrap value. The structural analysis showed that the genomes of the MB11 and MB14 strains were very similar, while the MB30 and MB66 strains had several inverted regions. The observed genomic characteristics were similar to those described for other strains of the same species, despite the number of inversions found. These genomes will serve as a basis for determining the relationship between the genotype of the pathogen and the type of infection that it causes

The fitness of African malaria vectors in the presence and limitation of host behaviour

<p>Background Host responses are important sources of selection upon the host species range of ectoparasites and phytophagous insects. However little is known about the role of host responses in defining the host species range of malaria vectors. This study aimed to estimate the relative importance of host behaviour to the feeding success and fitness of African malaria vectors, and assess its ability to predict their known host species preferences in nature.</p> <p>Methods Paired evaluations of the feeding success and fitness of African vectors Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae s.s in the presence and limitation of host behaviour were conducted in a semi-field system (SFS) at Ifakara Health Institute, Tanzania. In one set of trials, mosquitoes were released within the SFS and allowed to forage overnight on a host that was free to exhibit natural behaviour in response to insect biting. In the other, mosquitoes were allowed to feed directly on from the skin surface of immobile hosts. The feeding success and subsequent fitness of vectors under these conditions were investigated on 6 host types (humans, calves, chickens, cows, dogs and goats) to assess whether physical movements of preferred host species (cattle for An. arabiensis, humans for An. gambiae s.s.) were less effective at preventing mosquito bites than those of common alternatives.</p> <p>Results Anopheles arabiensis generally had greater feeding success when applied directly to host skin than when foraging on unrestricted hosts (in five of six host species). However, An. gambiae s.s obtained blood meals from free and restrained hosts with similar success from most host types (four out of six). Overall, the blood meal size, oviposition rate, fecundity and post-feeding survival of mosquito vectors were significantly higher after feeding on hosts free to exhibit behaviour, than those who were immobilized during feeding trials.</p> <p>Conclusions Allowing hosts to move freely during exposure to mosquitoes was associated with moderate reductions in mosquito feeding success, but no detrimental impact to the subsequent fitness of mosquitoes that were able to feed upon them. This suggests that physical defensive behaviours exhibited by common host species including humans do not impose substantial fitness costs on African malaria vectors.</p&gt

Survival and residence times in disordered chains with bias

We present a unified framework for first-passage time and residence time of random walks in finite one-dimensional disordered biased systems. The derivation is based on exact expansion of the backward master equation in cumulants. The dependence on initial condition, system size, and bias strength is explicitly studied for models with weak and strong disorder. Application to thermally activated processes is also developed.Comment: 13 pages with 2 figures, RevTeX4; v2:minor grammatical changes, typos correcte