Statistical Investigation of the Effect of Major Parameters of False Twist Texturing on the Dyeing Characteristic and Color Properties of Microfilament Polyester Yarn

Microfilament polyester yarns are one of the most important and widely used yarns in the textile industry and the fabrics produced from these yarns have a large consumption. One of the most important issues regarding fabrics made from Microfilament yarns is the issue of dyeing and dyeing properties of these fabrics. Among the concerns of DTY polyester yarn manufacturers are the conditions for producing and texturizing these fibers. Choosing the right range for each of the effective parameters in the false twist texturing machines will play a major role in the physical properties, dyeing Characteristic and color properties of the yarn produced. In this paper, we attempt to study the effect of the most important texturing parameters by false twist method: first heater temperature, draw ratio, D/Y rate and texturing speed on some of the most important color properties of microfilament polyester yarn that dyeing with dispersant dyestuff. These properties include color reflectance (% R), color strength (K/S), amount of dye absorbed ( ) and absorbance number (A). Experiments are designed using ANOVA and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method. The effect of changes in the main texturing parameters on the color coordinates of the microfilament polyester yarn is studied. The POY yarn used in this study is polyester yarn with a count of 135 dtex and 144 filaments. According to the studies, the interaction between the first heater temperature and the D / Y rate as well as the interaction between the draw ratio and the D / Y rate will have the greatest effect on the color strength and color properties of the microfilament polyester yarn

Do spinal cord-injured individuals with stronger sense of coherence use different psychological defense styles?

Objectives: Although the importance of sense of coherence (SOC) and psychological defense mechanisms (PDMs) in the process of coping has been demonstrated, it has not yet been clarified whether individuals with stronger SOC use specific PDMs.Study design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Iran. Methods: Demographic and injury-related variables including injury level, time since injury, American Spinal Cord Association (ASIA) Scale and Spinal cord independence measure-III were collected among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). SOC was assessed by the Short-form Sense of Coherence Scale. PDMs were identified using 40-version of the Defense Style Questionnaire. Results: Neurotic defense style was the most commonly used style especially. The overall most commonly used PDM was 'rationalization', which was used by 95. Individuals with stronger SOC used more mature style (P=0.001, r=0.52), particularly 'humor' and 'suppression' mechanisms (P<0.0001 and 0.024, respectively). There was a negative correlation between stronger SOC and the use of immature defenses including passive aggression (P=0.001, r=-0.51), acting out (P=0.001, r=-0.48), isolation (P=0.009, r=-0.50), autistic fantasy (P=0.010, r=-0.30) and somatization (P<0.0001, r=-0.62). Married individuals had significantly stronger SOC (P=0.01). Age, gender, age at the time of injury incidence, time since injury, ASIA score and cause of injury were not determinants of SOC. Conclusion: In this study, PDMs, which are more probable to be used by individuals with stronger SOC, have been identified. Mature defenses including 'humor' and 'suppression' are used by stronger SOC more often, whereas immature mechanisms are less likely to be used. © 2016 International Spinal Cord Society

Ocena za pomocą optoelektronicznego urządzenia nowej konstrukcji wpływu długości oczka na fluktuację amplitudy przędzy wprowadzanej do dziewiarki obwodowej do dzianin rządkowych

The present paper investigates the effects of knitted loop length on yarn fluctuation amplitude during feeding into a circular knitting machine. Variation of yarn tension causes a change in the loop length and yarn fluctuation amplitude. In order to study the behaviour of the yarn fluctuation amplitude during the feeding process, a new optical IR electronic monitoring system was designed and developed. Experiments were carried out on an industrial single jersey knitting machine with a plain knitted pattern and polyester 150 denier continuous filament yarn for three different knitted loop lengths. Evaluating the fluctuation amplitudes recorded by analysis of variance revealed that an increase in the loop length will cause a highly significant decrease in the yarn fluctuation amplitude.Zmiany naprężenia przędzy powodują zmianę w długości oczka i fluktuację amplitudy przędzy. W celu zbadania zachowania się przędzy podczas zmian amplitudy w czasie procesu wprowadzania przędzy do maszyny opracowano i wykonano nowy elektroniczno-optyczny (IR) system monitoringu. Badania przeprowadzono na przemysłowej dziewiarce dla dzianin o splocie lewo prawym stosując przędzę z ciągłych włókien poliestrowych o masie liniowej 150 dtex. Stosowano trzy różnej długości oczka. Ocena zarejestrowanych fluktuacji amplitudy oraz analiza wariancyjna wykazały że wzrost długości powoduje bardzo wyraźny spadek fluktuacji amplitudy przędzy

Estimation and prediction of optical properties of PA6/TiO2 nanocomposites

Nanocomposites are used in many scientific and industrial applications in recent times. In polymer nanocomposites, nanoparticles are used as the main component in creation which has always been considerable. Nano TiO2 as a nanoparticle has a very strong light scattering effect which can replace the ordinary TiO2 in less amounts of usage. In this research, optical properties of the PA6/nano TiO2 nanocomposite are studied using Mie scattering theory. Mie theory uses the relative refractive index of a small particle to calculate the light scattering efficiency of a material. At first, experimental and estimated properties of a nanocomposite film containing nano TiO2 particles with 40 nm radius are compared. Optical properties of nanocomposites are then predicted with various particle sizes as a result of this research. Results show that by taking the refractive index as an intrinsic property of a particle, it is possible to estimate the optical properties with a defined size and in addition it can help to predict these properties for different particle sizes

Recycling of Used Bottle Grade Poly Ethyleneterephthalate to Nanofibers by Melt-electrospinning Method

Used PET bottles disposal is an unsolved environmental problem, and there are many efforts for finding an applicable solution for it. Many researches have showed that the degradation rate of the polymers increase with the smaller size of fibers. This work was carried out to convert used PET bottles into nanofibers by melt-electrospinning method. Uncolored, washed and chipped PET bottles and the PET granule was used for experiments. The temperature of melted PET at extruder nozzle and spinning area were set in the range of 245-255 °Cand 200-235 °C respectively. The melting point of the polymer was determined by DSC. The potential difference was fixed at 25 kV and the distance between the nozzle and the collector were 3-9 cm. The morphology and fineness of produced fibers investigated by SEM. Although the producing fibers were not completely in the rang of nano-size fibers, but the results have showed that the nanofibers with diameter between 61- 93 nm can be achieved by the melt-electro spinning method. Comparing the effects of different flow rates of melting polymer as well as the distance between the nozzle to the collector have shown more proportion of finer fibers in flow rate less than 0.1 mL/min and the distance in the range of 3-5 cm. It was concluded however the melt electrospinning production of nanofibers has some difficulties but it can be considered as an applicable and environmental friendly way to recycling the used PET bottles so it can prevent more pollution of the environment