4,608 research outputs found
The seasonal and interannual variability of total ozone as revealed by the BUV Nimbus-4 experiment
The BUV/Nimbus-4 total ozone data is analyzed with emphasis on the seasonal and interannual variability for the period April 1970 to April 1972. An objective analysis using a Fourier expansion shows the annual wave dominates at mid and high latitudes where the semiannual wave becomes significant in the tropics. A small interannual difference is detected and is most likely due to changes in the general circulation
Seasonal and interannual variations in total ozone revealed by the Nimbus-4 backscattered ultraviolet experiment
The first two years of Backscattered Ultraviolet (BUV) ozone data from the Nimbus-4 spacecraft were reprocessed. The seasonal variations of total ozone for the period April 1970 to April 1972 are described using daily zonal means to 10 deg latitude zones and a time-latitude cross section. In addition, the BUV data are compared with analyzed Dobson data and with IRIS data also obtained from the Nimbus-4 spacecraft. A harmonic analysis was performed on the daily zonal means. Amplitudes, days of peaks, and percentage of variance were computed for annual and semi-annual waves and for higher harmonics of an annual period for the two years. Asymmetries are found in the annual waves in the two hemispheres, with a subtle interannual difference which may be due to changes in the general circulation. A significant semi-annual component is detected in the tropics for the first year, which appears to result from influences of the annual waves in the two hemispheres
The Boson peak in supercooled water
We perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the TIP4P/2005 model
of water to investigate the origin of the Boson peak reported in experiments on
supercooled water in nanoconfined pores, and in hydration water around
proteins. We find that the onset of the Boson peak in supercooled bulk water
coincides with the crossover to a predominantly low-density-like liquid below
the Widom line . The frequency and onset temperature of the Boson peak in
our simulations of bulk water agree well with the results from experiments on
nanoconfined water. Our results suggest that the Boson peak in water is not an
exclusive effect of confinement. We further find that, similar to other
glass-forming liquids, the vibrational modes corresponding to the Boson peak
are spatially extended and are related to transverse phonons found in the
parent crystal, here ice Ih.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figure
Copyright and cultural work: an exploration
This article first discusses the contemporary debate on cultural “creativity” and the economy. Second, it considers the current state of UK copyright law and how it relates to cultural work. Third, based on empirical research on British dancers and musicians, an analysis of precarious cultural work is presented. A major focus is how those who follow their art by way of “portfolio” work handle their rights in ways that diverge significantly from the current simplistic assumptions of law and cultural policy. Our conclusions underline the distance between present top-down conceptions of what drives production in the cultural field and the actual practice of dancers and musicians
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Research on Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change
During the 5 years of NSF grant ATM 95-22681 (Research on Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change, $1,605,000, 9/15/1995 to 8/31/2000) we have performed work which we are described in this report under three topics: (1) Development and Application of Atmosphere, Ocean, Photochemical-Transport, and Coupled Models; (2) Analysis Methods and Estimation; and (3) Climate-Change Scenarios, Impacts and Policy
Detailed study of dissipative quantum dynamics of K-2 attached to helium nanodroplets
We thoroughly investigate vibrational quantum dynamics of dimers attached to
He droplets motivated by recent measurements with K-2 [1]. For those
femtosecond pump-probe experiments, crucial observed features are not
reproduced by gas phase calculations but agreement is found using a description
based on dissipative quantum dynamics, as briefly shown in [2]. Here we present
a detailed study of the influence of possible effects induced by the droplet.
The helium droplet causes electronic decoherence, shifts of potential surfaces,
and relaxation of wave packets in attached dimers. Moreover, a realistic
description of (stochastic) desorption of dimers off the droplet needs to be
taken into account. Step by step we include and study the importance of these
effects in our full quantum calculation. This allows us to reproduce and
explain all major experimental findings. We find that desorption is fast and
occurs already within 2-10 ps after electronic excitation. A further finding is
that slow vibrational motion in the ground state can be considered
frictionless.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Isomonodromic deformations of connections with singularities of parahoric formal type
In previous work, the authors have developed a geometric theory of
fundamental strata to study connections on the projective line with irregular
singularities of parahoric formal type. In this paper, the moduli space of
connections that contain regular fundamental strata with fixed combinatorics at
each singular point is constructed as a smooth Poisson reduction. The authors
then explicitly compute the isomonodromy equations as an integrable system.
This result generalizes work of Jimbo, Miwa, and Ueno to connections whose
singularities have parahoric formal type.Comment: 32 pages. One of the main theorems (Theorem 5.1) has been
significantly strengthened. It now states that the isomonodromy equations
give rise to an integrable system on the moduli space of framed connections
with fixed combinatorics instead of only on a principal GL_n bundle over this
space. Sections 5 and 6 have been substantially rewritte
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis MmpL11 cell wall lipid transporter is important for biofilm formation, intracellular growth, and nonreplicating persistence
Elastic properties of FeSi
Measurements of the sound velocities in a single crystal of FeSi were
performed in the temperature range 4-300 K. Elastic constants and
deviate from a quasiharmonic behavior at high temperature; whereas,
increases anomalously in the entire range of temperature, indicating a
change in the electron structure of this materia
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