Multifractal observations of eddies, oil spills and natural slicks in the ocean surface

Natural and man-made distributions of tensioactive substance concentrations in the sea surface features exhibit self-similarity at all radar reflectivity levels when illuminated by SAR. This allows the investigation of the traces produced by vortices and other features in the ocean surface. The man-made oil spills besides often presenting some linear axis of the pollutant concentration produced by moving ships also show their artificial production in the sea surface by the reduced range of scales, which widens as time measured in terms of the local eddy diffusivity distorts the shape of the oil spills. Thanks to this, multifractal analysis of the different backscattered intensity levels in SAR imagery can be used to distinguish between natural and man-made sea surface features due to their distinct self-similar properties. The differences are detected using the multifractal box-counting algorithm on different sets of SAR images giving also information on the age of the spills. Different multifractal algorithms are compared presenting the differences in scaling as a function of some physical generating process such as the locality or the spectral energy cascade

Explanatory models for tick-borne disease incidence (Astrakhan rickettsial fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever)

Introduction. The study focuses on methods providing mathematical substantiation of discrepancies between actual incidence rates of Astrakhan rickettsial fever (ARF) and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and predicted rates due to the indirect impact of weather conditions during the current epidemic season. The purpose of the study was to develop explanatory models for ARF and CCHF incidence using satellite monitoring (remote sensing) data and to present the results of their practical evaluation in the Stavropol Territory and Astrakhan Region. Materials and methods. The materials included climate data provided by the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences as well as epidemiological data on CCHF and ARF incidence from 2005 to 2021. The explanatory models incorporated the Bayes theorem and Wald sequential analysis. All the calculations were completed using the Microsoft Excel 2010-based program developed by the authors. Results. It has been found that the greatest indirect effect on development of the CCHF epidemiological situation is produced by the normalized difference vegetation index and relative air humidity in June-July in the Stavropol Territory and by the maximum, minimum and average air temperature in October as well as the minimum air temperature in July in the Astrakhan Region. ARF incidence rates depend on the indirect effect of the annual average and average annual maximum temperature, maximum temperature and the normalized difference vegetation index in April-July. The match between explanatory model-based results and prediction model-based results ranged within 46.2-100%. Discussion. In addition to projecting incidence rates, which could be reached with the observed values of climatic factors in the current year, the explanatory models can be used for indirect verification of prediction models and for identification of factors causing differences in results. Conclusion. The practical evaluation of explanatory models confirms the prospects and benefits of the study that should be continued, involving other regions highly endemic for tick-borne infections

Oxidation resistance Cr-Al steels and calculation of parametric diagrams

У роботі розглянуті питання окалиностійкості сталей із різним вмістом хрому та алюмінію за високих температур. Розроблено методику визначення оптимального хімічного складу жаростійких хромоалюмінієвих сталей залежно від температурних умов і тривалості експлуатації литих деталей. Побудовані параметричні діаграми для визначення окалиностійкості і терміну експлуатації виробів із хромоалюмінієвих сталей. Розроблені моделі дозволяють прогнозувати окалиностійкість сталей із різними концентраціями хрому та алюмінію.In work there are the considered questions of oxidation resistance steels at different temperatures with a different maintenance of chrome and aluminums. Conformity to the law of oxidization of heat-resistant is explored steels in different gases environment. It is set that the heated air is more aggressive environment with the additive 45% of aquatic steam. The increase maintenance of chrome from 18 to 30% results in diminishment of losses of mass from 15 to 5 мг/см². Addition of aluminums to chromic steels also brings to the increase of oxidation resistance studied over steels. Thus, maybe, that became containing of more than a 25% chrome with the addition 2…3% of aluminums has perspective development. For the decline of Saving energy costs and time as mathematical treatment construction of the developed models diagrams was used. The developed method allows to determine different optimum chemical compositions of heat-resistant Cr-Al steels depending on temperature terms and duration of exploitation of the poured details. The developed models allow to determine oxidation resistance and terms of exploitation of Cr-Al steels. The developed models allow with high authenticity to forecast oxidation resistance steels with different concentrations of chrome and aluminums.В работе рассмотренные вопросы окалиностойкости сталей при различных температурах с разным содержанием хрома и алюминия. Разработанно методику определения оптимального химического состава жаростойких хромоалюминиевых сталей в зависимости от температурных условий и длительности эксплуатации литых деталей. Построенно параметрические диаграммы для определения окалиностойкости и сроков эксплуатации хромоалюминиевых сталей. Разработанные модели позволяют прогнозировать окалиностойкисть сталей с различными концентрациями хрома и алюминия

Observation of Spin Relaxation Anisotropy in Semiconductor Quantum Wells

Spin relaxation of two-dimensional electrons in asymmetrical (001) AlGaAs quantum wells are measured by means of Hanle effect. Three different spin relaxation times for spins oriented along [110], [1-10] and [001] crystallographic directions are extracted demonstrating anisotropy of D'yakonov-Perel' spin relaxation mechanism. The relative strengths of Rashba and Dresselhaus terms describing the spin-orbit coupling in semiconductor quantum well structures. It is shown that the Rashba spin-orbit splitting is about four times stronger than the Dresselhaus splitting in the studied structure.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Interaction of the single-particle and collective degrees of freedom in non-magic nuclei: the role of phonon tadpole terms

A method of a consistent consideration of the phonon contributions to mass and gap operators in non-magic nuclei is developed in the so-called g^2 approximation, where g is the low-lying phonon creation amplitude. It includes simultaneous accounting for both the usual non-local terms and the phonon tadpole ones. The relations which allow the tadpoles to be calculated without any new parameters are derived. As an application of the results, the role of the phonon tadpoles in the single-particle strength distribution and in the single-particle energies and gap values has been considered. Relation to the problem of the surface nature of pairing is discussed.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure

Fixed points and amenability in non-positive curvature

Consider a proper cocompact CAT(0) space X. We give a complete algebraic characterisation of amenable groups of isometries of X. For amenable discrete subgroups, an even narrower description is derived, implying Q-linearity in the torsion-free case. We establish Levi decompositions for stabilisers of points at infinity of X, generalising the case of linear algebraic groups to Is(X). A geometric counterpart of this sheds light on the refined bordification of X (\`a la Karpelevich) and leads to a converse to the Adams-Ballmann theorem. It is further deduced that unimodular cocompact groups cannot fix any point at infinity except in the Euclidean factor; this fact is needed for the study of CAT(0) lattices. Various fixed point results are derived as illustrations.Comment: 33 page

Social and Address Mechanisms of Providing Households with Individual Housing on the Basis of Structuring Their Requirements

One of the current problems facing Russia is the housing problem and also the problem of “keeping holds of” its territory. The latter is connected with the former one and is caused by excessive concentration of the population in large cities. On the most part of Russian territory the speed of housing construction is slower than the rates of retirement of dilapidated housing. An increasing number of abandoned villages has been registered. Engineering infrastructure there has either been dismantled, or is dysfunctional. In this regard, a movement of so-called “alternative” rural settlements is aimed at the development of vacant land through its transformation into isolated populated territories. As part of such projects individual housing construction becomes one of the stages of formation of a new lifestyle or even an economic lifestyle pattern. Considering the keen interest in individual housing construction and an increase in the share of one–family homes in the total volume of housing construction in Russia on the one hand and the low solvency of the majority of the country’s population on the other hand, the need to search for new approaches to solving the problem of providing the population with affordable individual housing appears. The article is devoted to the problem of providing the population of the country with affordable individual housing by using a socially oriented approach to defining the needs of various types of households in specific types of housing. The purposes of this research is to look for social and economic and targeted mechanisms of providing households with affordable individual housing that would correspond to their resources and requirements. An assessment of the factors of formation of the corresponding demand and solvency of households is made for identifying and structuring needs for such housing. The most demanded types of individual housing are determined. A method of determining the match between of certain types of individual housing and various types of households, taking into account the possibility of adjusting its availability to households through calculations of the coefficient of the possibility of purchasing a home with a loan is proposed. The approach is based on a technique of building an object and consumer matrix which shows the need of specific types of households for individual housing and thanks to which it is possible to establish the types of individual housing which are most demanded proceeding from their opportunities in the concrete region. The offered technique has been tested in the south of the Tyumen region where the most demanded types of individual housing in this territory and also necessary volumes of construction for meeting the needs of households for this housing have been revealed. In view of the various levels of solvency in households and social and targeted schemes of financing of construction of individual housing through mortgage and construction crediting and closed share are proposed.Одной из актуальных проблем, стоящих перед российским государством, является жилищная проблема, а также проблема «удержания» территории. Последняя, в свою очередь, связана с первой, а также обусловлена излишней концентрацией населения в крупных городах. На большей части территории России темпы строительства жилья ниже темпов выбытия его по причине ветхости. Отмечается увеличение числа опустевших деревень и сел, при них инженерная инфраструктура либо демонтирована, либо находится в непригодном состоянии. В этой связи движение так называемых «альтернативных» сельских поселений нацелено на освоение пустующих земель путем превращения их в обособленные заселенные территории. В рамках таких проектов индивидуальное жилищное строительство становится одним из этапов формирования нового образа жизни, более того – «уклада». При условии, с одной стороны, повышенного интереса к индивидуальному жилищному строительству и увеличению объемов ввода в эксплуатацию индивидуального жилья в общем объеме жилищного строительства в России и низкой платежеспособности большей части населения страны, с другой стороны, появляется необходимость поиска новых подходов к решению проблемы обеспечения населения доступным индивидуальным жильем. Статья посвящена решению проблемы обеспечения населения страны доступным индивидуальным жильем, с использованием социально-ориентированного подхода к определению потребностей различных типов домашних хозяйств в конкретных видах жилья. Целью исследования является поиск социально-экономических и адресных механизмов обеспечения домашних хозяйств доступным индивидуальным жильем, соответствующем их возможностям и потребностям. Для определения и структурирования потребностей в данном жилье произведена оценка факторов формирования соответствующего спроса и платежеспособности домашних хозяйств, а также определены наиболее востребованные виды индивидуального жилья. Предложен метод установления соответствия определенных видов индивидуального жилья различным типам домашних хозяйств, с учетом корректировки его доступности для домохозяйств через расчеты коэффициента возможности приобретения жилья в кредит. В основу подхода положена методика построения объектно-потребительской матрицы, которая показывает потребность отдельных типов домашних хозяйств в индивидуальном жилье и благодаря которой можно установить наиболее востребованные (исходя из их возможностей) виды индивидуального жилья в конкретном регионе. Апробация предложенной методики была осуществлена на примере решения жилищных проблем на юге Тюменской области. Были выявлены наиболее востребованные виды индивидуального жилья на данной территории, а также необходимые объемы его строительства для удовлетворения потребностей домашних хозяйств в данном жилье. Ввиду различного уровня платежеспособности домашних хозяйств, предложены также социально-адресные схемы финансирования строительства индивидуального жилья через ипотечно-строительное кредитование и закрытые паевые инвестиционные фонды, сформированные на основе объектно-потребительской матрицы. Проведена оценка инвестиционной эффективности вложений домашних хозяйств в закрытые паевые инвестиционные фонды. Благодаря этому становится возможным более полное удовлетворение потребности различных типов домашних хозяйств в индивидуальном жилье и повышение результативности жилищных региональных программ.Статья подготовлена в рамках гранта РФФИ № 17-22-0700

Effect of the natural and climatic factors on epidemiological situation related to natural focal infections

This article is dedicated to the analysis and generalization of the Russian and foreign research results on natural and climatic factors effect on the intensity of epidemic process manifestations and the natural focal infections pathogens vectors vital activity which are the most widespread in the Russian Federation. Over the past seven years tick-borne infections have been accounting for more than 50 per cent in the natural focal diseases general nosological structure. Among the diseases of this group Lyme borreliosis leads in prevalence and frequency of cases identification. Tick-borne viral encephalitis is still a serious danger for national health. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever epidemiological situation remains unfavorable in the south of the European part of Russia. In addition to the annual patients identification, the demonstrable trend of shifting and expansion of the pathogen’s area in a northerly direction was established. It creates a risk for the spread of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus outside the southern regions of the country. High incidence of the dangerous vector-borne infection — West Nile fever — with the involvement of new subjects in the epidemic process and the emergence of local cases of infection in previously non-endemic territories is registered. Expansion of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome natural foci borders, which is the most widespread natural focal zoonosis of viral etiology in the Russian Federation and is the second by the frequency of patients identification after tick-borne infections, is noted. Research data for the dependence of the carriers pathogens number and the dynamics of the natural focal infections incidence on the values of climatic factors, confirmed using various methods of mathematical statistics (time-series analysis, autoregression integrated moving average, logistic regression, correlation analysis, one-way analysis of variance and other) were systematized. It was found that the temperature and humidity of the air and soil, the amount of precipitation, the height of the snow cover are the common abiotic factors for all of investigated infections. The values of these factors can be used for the subsequent epidemiological forecast. The further study of relationship between the incidence rate of the population, the number of arthropod vectors and small mammals with indicators of soil moisture and temperature at different depths, hydrothermal coefficient, normalized relative vegetation index, accumulated values of temperature and precipitation, as well as similar studies on other actual natural focal infections in the Russian Federation will be very promising

Electrical detection of picosecond acoustic pulses in vertical transport devices with nanowires

Picosecond acoustic pulses, generated in a thin aluminum transducer, are injected into semiconductor vertical transport devices consisting of core-shell GaAsP nanowires. The acoustic pulses induce current pulses in the device with amplitude ∼1 μA. The spectrum of the electrical response is sensitive to the elastic properties of the device and has a frequency cutoff at ∼10 GHz. This work shows the potential of the technique for studies the elastic properties of complex semiconductor nanodevices.Peer reviewe

Prevalence of hypoglycemic conditions in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in real clinical practice

BACKGROUND. Hypoglycemia and fear of hypoglycemia remain critical problems in the treatment of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and are factors limiting proper control of glycemia and preventing the achievement of metabolic compensation of the disease. The use of pump insulin therapy involves the prevention of hypoglycemic conditions.AIM. To analyze the frequency and duration of hypoglycemia episodes, their effect on the metabolic compensation of the disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in real clinical practice, depending on the mode/method of insulin administration.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study involved 117 adolescents with DM1 aged 12 to 19 years (average age 15.5 years). 37 adolescents received therapy by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII); 80 adolescents received therapy by multiple insulin injections (MII). The level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined for all adolescents, and its main indicators were evaluated using a 6 days continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by the «blind» method of a professional system with an iPro 2 sensor (Medtronic MiniMed, USA).RESULTS. Episodes of a decrease in glucose levels <3,9 mmol/l were recorded in 87% of patients (n=102), 63% (n=74) showed a decrease in glucose levels <3,0 mmol/l. Episodes decrease in glucose levels <3,9 mmol/l at night were recorded in 68% of patients (n=80), and with glucose levels <3,9 mmol/l in 46% (n=54). The frequency of episodes of glucose lowering <3,9 mmol/l had no statistically significant differences depending on the methods of insulin administration (by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple insulin injections), however, they are more common in adolescents with HbA1c <7,0% (p=0,03). The median time spent by patients in the range of <3,9 mmol/l was 5% per day, and a longer time in this range was observed in patients with HbA1c <7,0% (p=0,006). The median time in the range of <3,0 mmol/l was 1% per day and had no significant differences depending on the level of HbA1c (p=0,559). There were also no significant differences depending on the groups using CSII and MII (p=0,640 and p=0,250).CONCLUSION. Episodes of glucose reduction in the range of <3,9 mmol/l according to CGM data are more common in adolescents with HbA1c target values, regardless of the method of insulin administration. Significantly more time in range of <3,9 mmol/l is spent by adolescents with target values of HbA1c i.е. <7,0% compared with HbA1c ≥7,0%, however, in both groups, a large number of patients had time in the range below the target level was higher than recommended values