Semi-classical equation of state and specific heats for neutron-star inner crust with proton shell corrections

An approach to the equation of state for the inner crust of neutron stars based on Skyrme-type forces is presented. Working within the Wigner-Seitz picture, the energy is calculated by the TETF (temperature-dependent extended Thomas-Fermi) method, with proton shell corrections added self-consistently by the Strutinsky-integral method. Using a Skyrme force that has been fitted to both neutron matter and to essentially all the nuclear mass data, we find strong proton shell effects: proton numbers $Z$ = 50, 40 and 20 are the only values possible in the inner crust, assuming that nuclear equilibrium is maintained in the cooling neutron star right down to the ambient temperature. Convergence problems with the TETF expansion for the entropy, and our way of handling them, are discussed. Full TETF expressions for the specific heat of inhomogeneous nuclear matter are presented. Our treatment of the electron gas, including its specific heat, is essentially exact, and is described in detail.Comment: 41 pages, 6 figure

Diversity of the Starch Granule Morphology of Several Types Cassava (Minihot esculenta Crantz)

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), which is commonly called singkong is multipurpose crop that can be processed as food, feed and other cassava-based bioproduct. Potential application of cassava starch is determined by the properties of starch as the main component of cassava tuber biomass. The size of the cassava starch granules is different for each variety due to genetic and the environment factors in which it grows. The size of the starch granules affects the application of the starch. This study aimed to determine the shape and diameter of the starch granule in several types of cassava through microscopic analysis. The shape and the size of the 62 starch samples tested was varied. The starch granules shape was dominated by spheres form. The diameter of cassava starch granules ranged from 2.016 ± 0.015 µm – 3.318 ± 0.045 µm. The highest diameter was Tidung1.2 and the lowest was Tidung 2.2

Antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of dietary black sesame meal in pre-hypertensive humans

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It has been known that hypertension is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. Elevation of blood pressure (BP) increases the adverse effect for cardiovascular outcomes. Prevention of increased BP plays a crucial role in a reduction of those outcomes, leading to a decrease in mortality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary black sesame meal on BP and oxidative stress in individuals with prehypertension.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty-two women and eight men (aged 49.8 ± 6.6 years) with prehypertension were randomly divided into two groups, 15 subjects per group. They ingested 2.52 g black sesame meal capsules or placebo capsules each day for 4 weeks. Blood samples were obtained after overnight fasting for measurement of plasma lipid, malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin E levels. Anthropometry, body composition and BP were measured before and after 4-week administration of black sesame meal or a placebo.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results showed that 4-week administration of black sesame meal significantly decreased systolic BP (129.3 ± 6.8 vs. 121.0 ± 9.0 mmHg, <it>P </it>< 0.05) and MDA level (1.8 ± 0.6 vs. 1.2 ± 0.6 μmol/L, <it>P </it>< 0.05), and increased vitamin E level (29.4 ± 6.0 vs. 38.2 ± 7.8 μmol/L, <it>P </it>< 0.01). In the black sesame meal group, the change in SBP tended to be positively related to the change in MDA (<it>R = 0.50, P </it>= 0.05), while the change in DBP was negatively related to the change in vitamin E (<it>R = -0.55, P </it>< 0.05). There were no correlations between changes in BP and oxidative stress in the control group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest the possible antihypertensive effects of black sesame meal on improving antioxidant status and decreasing oxidant stress. These data may imply a beneficial effect of black sesame meal on prevention of CVD.</p

The Influence of Constructivism Learning Model on Students' Knowledge Competencies in Biology Learning at MTSS Nurul Haq Semurup

The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge competency of students in biology learning at MGTsS Nurul Haq. This research was conducted in April 1919. This type of research is quasi-experimental research.This type of research is quasi-experimental research. The population in this study were all eighth grade students of MTs Nurul haq Semurup 2018/2019 Academic Year consisting of three classes namely class VIIIA, VIII B and VIII C. The sample used in this study was class VIII students consisting of two classes namely class VIII A, VIII B, researchers took samples through purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were tests. Data analysis was performed using the t test. The findings show that there is a significant difference between the biology competencies of students in the experimental class and the control class, where the biological competence of students in the experimental class is higher than in the control class. The average value of biological competence of students in the experimental class was 83 and in the control class 76.5. So, it can be concluded that biology learning by using the Learning Model Constructivism assisted by mind map can improve student competence in aspects of knowledge

STUDI MORFOLOGI SERBUK SARI PADA BEBERAPA VARIETAS Coleus scutellarioides L.

Coleus scutellarioides is Labiatae. It have much varieties based on the leave shapes and colors. In the identification is not enough based on morpho-logical organ characters, but it can also based on the pollen morphology. The purpose of this study to determine the pollen morphology of seven varieties of Coleus scutellarioides. The research was conducted in the laboratory of Botany Department of Biology, State University of Padang, in April-May 2012. Seven varieties of Coleus used came from Padang Panjang and Lintau Buo. Pollen taken from bloomed flowers and it made be slides used acetolisis methods and 1% safranin staining method. Data were analyzed descriptively included pollen unit, polarity, symmetrically, size, shape, aperture, and the shape of pollen surface. The seven Coleus pollen varieties have similirity of the type of monad pollen unit, polarity isopolar type, radial symmetry, type colpate with 6 aperture located in the equatorial (Stephano), and reticulate surface-shaped pollen. Prolate spheroid shapes found in var. Eleanor, subprolate forms in var. Batique Fetish, var. Fack, var. Apricot, var. Burgundy Giant, var. Eleanor, and var. Flambe. Whereas prolate shapes found in var. Batique Fetish, var. Fack, and var. Va Va Boom. Pollen morphology of seven varieties of Coleus scutellarioides have different shape and the author have found 3 shape of pollen as the prolate spheroidal, subprolate and prolate. Key words: pollen, Coleus scutellarioides, identificatio

Studi Morfologi Serbuk Sari Pada Beberapa Varietas Coleus Scutellarioides L.

Coleus scutellarioides is Labiatae. It have much varieties based on the leave shapes and colors. In the identification is not enough based on morpho-logical organ characters, but it can also based on the pollen morphology. The purpose of this study to determine the pollen morphology of seven varieties of Coleus scutellarioides. The research was conducted in the laboratory of Botany Department of Biology, State University of Padang, in April-May 2012. Seven varieties of Coleus used came from Padang Panjang and Lintau Buo. Pollen taken from bloomed flowers and it made be slides used acetolisis methods and 1% safranin staining method. Data were analyzed descriptively included pollen unit, polarity, symmetrically, size, shape, aperture, and the shape of pollen surface. The seven Coleus pollen varieties have similirity of the type of monad pollen unit, polarity isopolar type, radial symmetry, type colpate with 6 aperture located in the equatorial (Stephano), and reticulate surface-shaped pollen. Prolate spheroid shapes found in var. Eleanor, subprolate forms in var. Batique Fetish, var. Fack, var. Apricot, var. Burgundy Giant, var. Eleanor, and var. Flambe. Whereas prolate shapes found in var. Batique Fetish, var. Fack, and var. Va Va Boom. Pollen morphology of seven varieties of Coleus scutellarioides have different shape and the author have found 3 shape of pollen as the prolate spheroidal, subprolate and prolate

The Influence of the Question Students Have Learning Model by Paying Attention to Initial Ability on Participants' Competencies Class X student at SMAN 4 Kerinci

Abstract - This study aims to determine the effect of the question students have learning model by paying attention to the initial ability of students' learning competencies. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research design with a randomized control group postets only design. The research sample consisted of class X MIPA3 as the experimental class and class X MIPA4 as the control class. The instruments used were test and non-test. Data analysis was performed using the two-way ANOVA test for knowledge competence and t-test for attitude and skill competency. The findings show that there is a significant difference between the competence of students in the experimental class and the control class, where the competence of students in learning biology in the experimental class is higher than the control class. The assessment is carried out on the competence of students such as aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. In the aspect of knowledge the average value of the experimental class students was 79.13 and the control class was 69.07. In terms of students' attitudes, the average score in the experimental class was 80.93 and in the control class was 74.05. Aspects of skills, the average score in the experimental class is 85.37 and 76.03 in the control class. The results of statistical tests showed significantly different learning outcomes in the aspects of knowledge, attitudes and skills. The application of question students have learning in biology learning can improve the learning competence of students in the aspects of knowledge, attitudes and skills.Keywords: Question Students Have Model, Initial Ability and Learning Competence

Analysis of pulsed photoacoustic signal: theoretical study of the diffusion of chromophores in the human skin

Pulsed photoacoustic spectroscopy (PPAS) provides a convenient means for in vivo and in situ monitoring of human skin properties and surface concentrations of locally applied substances, such as drugs and cosmetics. In this article, we applied the one-dimensional theoretical model of Mandelis and Royce (J. Appl. Phys. 50, 6 (1979)) to simulate the photoacoustic response of human skin and diffusion phenomena through it, for various optical absorption coefficients and sample thicknesses. This approach is analyzed through the temperature and pressure variations in the photoacoustic cell