THE ACCELERATION OF THE FASHION TREND CYCLE THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA

Fashion is known for its cyclical nature, but this cycle has been careening out of control in recent years. To deduce the cause of this acceleration of the fashion trend cycle, research was conducted to determine social media’s role in the trend cycle. Since coming into prominence in the last 20 years, social media has monumentally impacted countless different areas of modern culture, this paper analyzes its impact on the diffusion of fashion objects into societal relevance. This analysis is conducted through Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation curve and an in depth look into both short and long term fashion trends from before social media’s effect as well as after

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors are not overexpressed in pancreatic islets from patients with severe hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia following gastric bypass

Aims/hypothesis: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors are highly overexpressed in benign insulinomas, permitting in vivo tumour visualisation with GLP-1 receptor scanning. The present study sought to evaluate the GLP-1 receptor status in vitro in other pancreatic disorders leading to hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia, specifically after gastric bypass surgery. Methods: Fresh frozen pancreatic tissue samples (n = 7) from six gastric bypass surgery patients suffering from hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia were evaluated for GLP-1 receptor content using in vitro receptor autoradiography, and compared with normal pancreas and with pancreatic insulinoma tissues. Results: GLP-1 receptor analysis of the pancreatic tissues, which histopathologically were compatible with nesidioblastosis and originated from post-bypass hypoglycaemic patients, revealed a mean density value of GLP-1 receptors in the islets of 1,483 ± 183dpm/mg tissue. Pharmacological characterisation indicated the presence of specific GLP-1 receptors. The density of islet GLP-1 receptor in post-gastric bypass patients did not differ from that of normal pancreas (1,563 ± 104dpm/mg tissue, n = 10). Receptor density in pancreatic acini was low in post-bypass and control conditions. In contrast, benign insulinomas showed a high density of GLP-1 receptors, with a mean value of 8,302 ± 1,073dpm/mg tissue (n = 6). Conclusions/interpretation: In contrast to insulinoma, hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia after gastric bypass surgery is not accompanied by overexpression of GLP-1 receptor in individual islets. Thus, patients with post-gastric bypass hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia are not candidates for GLP-1 receptor imaging in vivo using radiolabelled exendin. These GLP-1 receptor data support the notion that the islet pathobiology of post-gastric bypass hypoglycaemia is distinctly different from that of benign insulinoma

Readmission following pancreatectomy: what can be improved?

AbstractBackgroundReadmissions after pancreatectomy, largely for the management of complications, may also occur as a result of failure to thrive or for diagnostic endeavours. Potential mechanisms to reduce readmission rates may be elucidated by assessing the adequacy of the initial disposition and the real necessity for readmission.MethodsUsing previously identified categories of readmission following pancreatectomy, details of reasons for and results of readmissions were scrutinized using a root cause analysis approach.ResultsOf 658 patients subjected to pancreatectomy between 2001 and 2010, 121 (18%) were readmitted within 30 days. The clinical course in 30% of readmitted patients was found to deviate from the pathway assumed on the initial admission. Patients were readmitted at a median of 9 days (range: 1–30 days) after initial discharge and had a median readmission length of stay of 7 days (mode = 4). Postoperative complications accounted for most readmissions (n = 77, 64%); 17 patients (14%) were readmitted for failure to thrive and 16 (13%) for diagnostics. Root cause analysis detailed subtextual reasons for readmission, including, for example, the initiation of new medications that could potentially have been ordered in an outpatient setting.ConclusionsMore than one quarter of readmissions after pancreatectomy occurred in the setting of failure to thrive or for diagnostic evaluation alone. Root cause analysis revealed potentially avoidable readmissions. The development of a system for stratifying patients at risk for readmission or the failure of the initial disposition, along with an alternative means of efficiently evaluating patients in an outpatient setting, could limit unnecessary readmissions and resource utilization

Village malaria workers for the community-based management of vivax malaria

In Cambodia, malaria cases are on a trajectory towards the goal of malaria elimination by 2025. Vivax malaria is difficult to eliminate because of hypnozoites that can cause relapse. Primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline, clears hypnozoites but requires testing for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Routine primaquine treatment of vivax malaria has recently been implemented in Cambodia in which Village Malaria Workers (VMWs) diagnose vivax malaria by rapid diagnostic test and refer patients to health centres for G6PD testing and further treatment. Patients are referred back to the VMWs for monitoring adverse symptoms and treatment adherence. This article explores how VMWs’ roles might be optimized for the community-based management of vivax malaria. With sufficient training and supervision, the role of VMWs might be expanded to include G6PD testing, making referral to the health centre superfluous. Community-based management of vivax malaria could increase the coverage of radical cure and accelerate vivax malaria elimination

Eps15R is required for bone morphogenetic protein signalling and differentially compartmentalizes with Smad proteins

Transforming growth factor β superfamily members signal through Smad transcription factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) act via Smads 1, 5 and 8 and TGF-βs signal through Smads 2 and 3. The endocytic adaptor protein Eps15R, or ‘epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor pathway substrate 15-related protein’ is a component of EGF signal transduction, mediating internalization of the EGF receptor. We show that it interacts with Smad proteins, is required for BMP signalling in animal caps and stimulates Smad1 transcriptional activity. This function resides in the Asp-Pro-Phe motif-enriched ‘DPF domain’ of Eps15R, which activates transcription and antagonizes Smad2 signalling. In living cells, Eps15R segregates into spatially distinct regions with different Smads, indicating an unrecognized level of Smad compartmentalization

Osteogenic sarcoma of the breast arising in a cystosarcoma phyllodes: a case report and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Primary tumors of the breast containing bone and cartilage are extremely rare, and an osteogenic sarcoma arising from a cystosarcoma phyllodes is exceptional.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 40-year-old Indian woman presented with a breast mass which was diagnosed as osteosarcoma of the breast on biopsy. Our patient was treated with a simple mastectomy after excluding the presence of skeletal primary and extra-mammary metastases. Final pathology showed a cystosarcoma phyllodes with signs of osteogenic sarcoma.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although osteogenic sarcomas of the breast are rare, they need to be distinguished from carcinosarcomas and metaplastic carcinomas as the management of the two differ.</p