An Analysis of the Texas Condominium Act: Maintenance and Operation of a Condominium Project

The Texas Condominium Act (TCA) is the type of condominium statute often referred to as “first-generation” legislation. It defines the type of property that may provide the basis for a condominium project, and states the minimum number of units necessary to constitute a project. The Act describes the property interest held by each unit owner and the boundaries of his or her unit, while providing for exclusive ownership of individual units with joint interest in the general and limited common elements. One criticism of “first-generation” legislation has been that it provides for the establishment of the condominium, but fails to deal adequately with the operation and management of an existing condominium project. As such, it is worthwhile to examine the operation and management of a condominium under the TCA. By comparing the Act with proposed model acts and statutes of other states, inadequacies in the language of the TCA can be highlighted. Then a proposal can be made for solutions to these inadequacies to facilitate the operation and management of a Texas condominium

Twenty-Five Years Later-For Better or Worse

State bar associations, which once operated in a small guild atmosphere, have become full-fledged administrative bodies. When bar associations came into existence in the late nineteenth century, they concentrated on setting admission requirements. Today, every state has admission requirements involving age, educational requirements, and skills examinations. In contrast to their earlier period, bar associations today concentrate more on providing social programs, educating members, and regulating the profession. This essay will discuss other fundamental changes in the legal profession that occurred from 1968-1993

Person-Fit Statistics: High Potential and Many Unanswered Questions

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Status Epilepticus Results in a Duration-Dependent Increased Protein Kinase A Activity in the Rat Pilocarpine Model

This study was conducted to characterize cellular changes occurring during the progression of status epilepticus (SE) that could lead to the maintenance of increased membrane excitability. SE was induced by injection of pilocarpine after which rats were monitored both electrographically and behaviorally. After various lengths of time in SE, specific brain regions were isolated for biochemical study. SE resulted in an early maintenance of PKA activity in both cortical homogenate and crude synaptoplasmic membrane (crude SPM) fractions. At subsequent stages of SE there was a significant increase in PKA activity in both homogenate and crude SPM fractions. Wester blot analysis showed that alteration of PKA protein expression was not responsible for the increase in PKA activity. These results show that SE has a significant duration-dependent effect on PKA activity. Combined with other cellular changes these findings, could represent a mechanism for the formation for potentiated seizure states like epilepsy

Galaxy Zoo: Exploring the Motivations of Citizen Science Volunteers

The Galaxy Zoo citizen science website invites anyone with an Internet connection to participate in research by classifying galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. As of April 2009, more than 200,000 volunteers had made more than 100 million galaxy classifications. In this paper, we present results of a pilot study into the motivations and demographics of Galaxy Zoo volunteers, and define a technique to determine motivations from free responses that can be used in larger multiple-choice surveys with similar populations. Our categories form the basis for a future survey, with the goal of determining the prevalence of each motivation.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure

Emergency medicine training in the Netherlands, essential changes needed

Since 2008, training for emergency physicians (EPs) in the Netherlands has been based on a national 3-year curriculum. However, it has become increasingly evident that it needs to expand beyond its initial foundations. The training period does not comply with European regulations of a minimum of 5 years. Adjusting to this European standard is a logical step. Experience with the 3-year Dutch training scheme has led to the general conclusion that this training period is too short. Recommendations for essential changes and the basis for their development are presented

Top ten concerns burdening people with cancer: perceptions of patients with cancer and the nurses caring for them

We examined the concerns that nurses perceive patients to have, whether these are congruent with patients' concerns and whether they vary according to cancer site. We also examined Distress Thermometer scores according to cancer site

Role of spontaneous and sensory orexin network dynamics in rapid locomotion initiation.

Appropriate motor control is critical for normal life, and requires hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs). HONs are slowly regulated by nutrients, but also display rapid (subsecond) activity fluctuations in vivo. The necessity of these activity bursts for sensorimotor control and their roles in specific phases of movement are unknown. Here we show that temporally-restricted optosilencing of spontaneous or sensory-evoked HON bursts disrupts locomotion initiation, but does not affect ongoing locomotion. Conversely, HON optostimulation initiates locomotion with subsecond delays in a frequency-dependent manner. Using 2-photon volumetric imaging of activity of >300 HONs during sensory stimulation and self-initiated locomotion, we identify several locomotion-related HON subtypes, which distinctly predict the probability of imminent locomotion initiation, display distinct sensory responses, and are differentially modulated by food deprivation. By causally linking HON bursts to locomotion initiation, these findings reveal the sensorimotor importance of rapid spontaneous and evoked fluctuations in HON ensemble activity

Correlation Between Caregiver Reports of Physical Function and Performance-based Measures in a Cohort of Older Adults With Alzheimer Disease

The objectives of this report are to determine the association between performance-based measures of physical function with caregiver reports of physical function in older adults with Alzheimer disease (AD) and to examine whether those associations vary by the level of patients' cognitive functioning. Subjects included 180 patient-caregiver dyads who are enrolled in a clinical trial testing the impact of an occupational therapy intervention plus guideline-level care to delay functional decline among older adults with AD. The primary caregiver-reported measure is the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Group Activities of Daily Living Inventory (ADCS-ADL). Performance-based measures include the Short Physical Performance Battery and the Short Portable Sarcopenia Measure. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were used to determine the associations of each physical performance measure with ADCS-ADL, adjusting for cognition function and other covariates. We found significant correlations between caregiver reports and observed performance-based measures across all levels of cognitive function, with patients in the lowest cognitive group showing the highest correlation. These findings support the use of proxy reports to assess physical function among older adults with AD