The difference between saying and doing when it comes to training volume: Effect of motives of sport activity, age, gender and pain on training volume [Der Unterschied zwischen Sagen und Tun beim Trainingsfleiß: Effekte von Motiven sportlicher Aktivität, Alter, Geschlecht und Schmerzen auf den Trainingsumfang sportlicher Aktivitäten]

Background Health, joy/fun, body shape and society are motives for physical exercise. So far, the impact of the strength of these factors on the training scope is unclear. The study aims to analyse the association between these motives, age, gender, back pain and training volume. Materials and methods In this study, 792 participants (68% women and 32% men, mean age 53.5 years, standard deviation 11.9, range 24–85 years) were asked about their motives for physical activities, their back pain and their volume of training. Regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of the motives on training volume. Results In women, the motives joy (B$_{joy}$ = 0.23, t = 3.6, p < 0.001, r = 0.25), body shape (B$_{body shape}$ = 0.127, t = 2.0, p = 0.05, r = 0.16) and age (B$_{age}$ = 0.03, t = 2.5, p = 0.01, r = 0.17) had small (age, body shape) to medium effects (joy) on training volume. In men, only back pain had a significant positive effect (B$_{back pain}$ = 1.4, t = 4.2, p < 0.001, r = 0.35) on training volume (strong effect). Discussion and conclusion For active women, the pleasure felt during training (intrinsic motivation) and the desire for a better figure (introjected regulation = meeting external requirements) promote the amount of training. For active men, the solution to the health problem is possibly in the foreground: the greater the problem (back pain), the higher the training volume. Presumably, they have made the experience that physical training reduces back pain

SystemC-Plus Complex Date Types for Telecom Applications

In this paper, we showed how we exploited some of the system design capabilities of SystemC-Plus to model simple telecom cells. The significant benefits are the ease of modeling and the support of reuse. The combined use of specialization hierarchy and templates enables a wide applicability of the library. Another relevant value of the approach has been the possibility to cover two different application domains, like ATM and Internet, with similar Abstract Data Types

Property verification in the design of telecom applications

The industrial interest in the application of formal methods in the design of complex ASICs is noteworthy to improve the efficiency of the design process (reduced time-to-market) and to increase the quality of the final products (increased competitive profile). In this paper we focus our attention on design capture and functional verification, two critical phases in the current design methodologies. A modular toolset built around a model checker is described. A telecom co-processor is presented, and general properties derived. A user-oriented taxonomy of properties is introduced to support the design practice. Guidelines for the application of this technique are inferred from the example and generalize

Health Knowledge of Lifestyle-Related Risks during Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study of Pregnant Women in Germany

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