1WHSP: an IR-based sample of ∼\sim1,000 VHE γ\gamma-ray blazar candidates

Blazars are the dominant type of extragalactic sources at microwave and at $\gamma$-ray energies. In the most energetic part of the electromagnetic spectrum (E>100GeV) a large fraction of high Galactic latitude sources are blazars of the High Synchrotron Peaked (HSP) type, that is BL Lac objects with synchrotron power peaking in the UV or in the X-ray band. HSP blazars are remarkably rare, with only a few hundreds of them expected to be above the sensitivity limits of currently available surveys. To find these very uncommon objects, we have devised a method that combines ALLWISE survey data with multi-frequency selection criteria. The sample was defined starting from a primary list of infrared colour-colour selected sources from the ALLWISE all sky survey database, and applying further restrictions on IR-radio and IR-X-ray flux ratios. Using a polynomial fit to the multi-frequency data (radio to X-ray) we estimated synchrotron peak frequencies and fluxes of each object. We assembled a sample including 992 sources, which is currently the largest existing list of confirmed and candidates HSP blazars. All objects are expected to radiate up to the highest $\gamma$-ray photon energies. In fact, 299 of these are confirmed emitters of GeV $\gamma$-ray photons (based on Fermi-LAT catalogues), and 36 have already been detected in the TeV band. The majority of sources in the sample are within reach of the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), and many may be detectable even by the current generation of Cherenkov telescopes during flaring episodes. The sample includes 425 previously known blazars, 151 new identifications, and 416 HSP candidates (mostly faint sources) for which no optical spectra is available yet. The full 1WHSP catalogue is on-line at http://www.asdc.asi.it/1whsp/ providing a direct link to the SED building tool where multifrequency data can be easily visualised

Exact Solutions of Classical Electrodynamics and the Yang--Mills--Wong Theory in Even-Dimensional Spacetime

Exact solutions of classical gauge theories in even-dimensional (D=2n) spacetimes are discussed. Common and specific properties of these solutions are analyzed for the particular dimensions D=2, D=4, and D=6. A consistent formulation of classical gauge field theories with pointlike charged or colored particles is proposed for D=6. The particle Lagrangian must then depend on the acceleration. The self-interaction of a point particle is considered for D=2 and D=6. In D=2, radiation is absent and all processes are reversible. In D=6, the expression for the radiation rate and the equation of motion of a self-interacting particle are derived; from which follows that the Zitterbewegung always leads to radiation. It is shown that non-Abelian solutions are absent for any D not equal to 4; only Coulomb-like solutions, which correspond to the Abelian limit of the D-dimensional Yang--Mills--Wong theory, are admitted.Comment: LaTeX 2.09, 16 page

Makrofag Pengekspresi Il-1? Serta Respons Inflamasi Sistemik Pada Fiksasi Interna Dini Fraktur Femur Tertutup Lebih Rendah Dibandingkan Dengan Yang Tertunda

Fiksasi interna merupakan salah satu modalitas terapi dalam penangananfraktur. Fiksasi interna dini dan tertunda masih menjadi suatu perdebatan karenaadanya perbedaan komplikasi yang ditimbulkan, terutama yang berhubungandengan respons inflamasi sistemik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahuiperbedaan makrofag pengekspresi IL-1? (dengan pengecatan imuno histokimia)antara saat tindakan fiksasi interna dini dan tertunda serta untuk mengetahuiperbedaan respons inflamasi sistemik ( IL-6 sebagai marker) pascafiksasi internadini dan tertunda pada fraktur femur tertutup.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimental " post test onlycontrol group design". Penelitian ini dilakukan di Bagian Bedah RSUP SanglahDenpasar dengan besar sampel dihitung dengan rumus Pocock. Kemudiandilakukan uji normalitas K-S, t test, t-paired test dan uji korelasi.Dari penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa (1) terdapat perbedaan bermaknaantara makrofag pengekspresi IL-1? pada saat perlakuan (hari I) dan makrofag saatkontrol (hari III-V) (2.37±2.98 % vs 4.99±4.89 %, p<0.05) dan (2) terdapatperbedaan yang bermakna kadar IL-6 serum sesudah fiksasi interna antarakelompok fiksasi interna dini dan tertunda (51,17± 23,19 pg/ml vs 95,39± 80pg/ml, p<0.05).Dari penelitian ini dapat dibuat suatu kesimpulan, yaitu (1) reaksi inflamasisekitar lokasi fraktur lebih rendah pada fiksasi interna dini daripada pada fiksasiinterna tertunda dan (2) kadar IL-6 pasca fiksasi interna dini lebih rendah daripada yang tertunda, dan kadar IL-6 serum sebelum fiksasi interna dapat dipakaisebagai prediktor kadar IL-6 pascafiksasi interna

Information Distance: New Developments

In pattern recognition, learning, and data mining one obtains information from information-carrying objects. This involves an objective definition of the information in a single object, the information to go from one object to another object in a pair of objects, the information to go from one object to any other object in a multiple of objects, and the shared information between objects. This is called "information distance." We survey a selection of new developments in information distance.Comment: 4 pages, Latex; Series of Publications C, Report C-2011-45, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, pp. 71-7

Estimation of temporal and spatial variations in groundwater recharge in unconfined sand aquifers using Scots pine inventories

Acknowledgements. This study was made possible through funding from the EU 7th Framework programme GENESIS (contract number 226536), AQVI project (no. 128377) in Academy of Finland AKVA research programme, the Renlund Foundation, VALUE doctoral school and Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki ry. We would like to express our gratitude to Geological survey of Finland, Finnish Forest Administration (Metsähallitus) and Finnish Forest Centre (Metsäkeskus), Finnish meteorological institute, Finnish environmental administration and National land survey of Finland for providing data sets and expert knowledge that made this study possible in its current extent. To reproduce the research in the paper, data from above-mentioned agencies can be made available for purchase on request from the corresponding agency, other data can be provided by the corresponding author upon request. We thank Per-Erik Jansson for his assistance with the CoupModel and Jarkko Okkonen (GTK), anonymous reviewer, and Angelo Basile for their critical comments that significantly improved the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Self-referential Monte Carlo method for calculating the free energy of crystalline solids

A self-referential Monte Carlo method is described for calculating the free energy of crystalline solids. All Monte Carlo methods for the free energy of classical crystalline solids calculate the free-energy difference between a state whose free energy can be calculated relatively easily and the state of interest. Previously published methods employ either a simple model crystal, such as the Einstein crystal, or a fluid as the reference state. The self-referential method employs a radically different reference state; it is the crystalline solid of interest but with a different number of unit cells. So it calculates the free-energy difference between two crystals, differing only in their size. The aim of this work is to demonstrate this approach by application to some simple systems, namely, the face centered cubic hard sphere and Lennard-Jones crystals. However, it can potentially be applied to arbitrary crystals in both bulk and confined environments, and ultimately it could also be very efficient