3-manifold groups are virtually residually p

Given a prime $p$, a group is called residually $p$ if the intersection of its $p$-power index normal subgroups is trivial. A group is called virtually residually $p$ if it has a finite index subgroup which is residually $p$. It is well-known that finitely generated linear groups over fields of characteristic zero are virtually residually $p$ for all but finitely many $p$. In particular, fundamental groups of hyperbolic 3-manifolds are virtually residually $p$. It is also well-known that fundamental groups of 3-manifolds are residually finite. In this paper we prove a common generalization of these results: every 3-manifold group is virtually residually $p$ for all but finitely many $p$. This gives evidence for the conjecture (Thurston) that fundamental groups of 3-manifolds are linear groups

Integrative Review: Parent Perspectives on Care of Their Child at the End of Life

This integrative review aims to describe parents\u27 perspectives on end-of-life care for their children. Fifteen publications from a literature search of the Cochrane databases, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PSYCHinfo were included in the review. Recurring themes included poor communication/lack of information, strained relationships/inadequate emotional support, parental need to maintain parent/child relationships in life and death, quality of care continues after the death of the child, influence of services/planning on parent/child impacts quality of life, and the difficult decision to terminate life support. No studies were identified that focused on parents\u27 perspectives on the care their child received at the end of life. Further research that focuses on the special needs of parents at this difficult time is needed

Vapnik-Chervonenkis density in some theories without the independence property, I

We recast the problem of calculating Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) density into one of counting types, and thereby calculate bounds (often optimal) on the VC density for some weakly o-minimal, weakly quasi-o-minimal, and $P$-minimal theories.Comment: 59

Re-imagining cities as ecosystems: environmental subject formation in Auckland and Mexico City

The constitution of environmental subjects by governments and civil society organizations around the world has taken place within a framework of neoliberal urbanization. This entails promoting an individual sense of responsibility over urban environments among city dwellers. The approach used is not so much governmentality as environmentality, because of its focus on environmental matters. We claim that the tools used in this process are designed to generate among urban dwellers an imaginary of the cities they inhabit as ecosystems. Using qualitative methods, we examine cases in Auckland and Mexico City regarding water management

Nine everyday situations, nine different forms of attention

1. ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to develop a questionnaire for the assessment of everyday attentional capacities in adults: the Everyday Life Attention Scale (ELAS). Its developmental was inspired by multi-component theories of attention and clinical neuropsychology guidelines for the assessment of attention. The items ask about multiple components of attention in nine common everyday situations, including Reading, Movie, Activity, Lecture, Conversation, Assignment, Cooking, Cleaning up, and Driving.2. MethodsTwo validation studies were conducted. Study 1 investigated the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the ELAS in 1206 healthy participants by means of an online survey. Study 2 further investigated the sensitivity of the ELAS in 80 adults with ADHD compared to 80 matched healthy controls and a mixed clinical group of 56 patients diagnosed with other psychiatric disorders. 3. ResultsStudy1: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a situation-specific approach which categorizes everyday attention into nine situation scales. Within each of these nine situations, ratings of sustained, selective, focused, and divided attention as well as motivation constituted reliable subscales. Study 2: We found convincing evidence that adult patients with ADHD have clearly reduced attention scores (with large effect sizes) on all nine situation scales of the ELAS compared to matched healthy controls. Instead, a mixed clinical group of psychiatric patients (including depression and schizophrenia) without ADHD deviated from the healthy sample only on three situations with medium to large effect sizes (Assignment, Cooking, and Cleaning up). Patients with ADHD showed particularly strong attentional difficulties in comparison to both the control and the mixed clinical group regarding Reading, Assignment, Activity, and Conversation. 4. ConclusionsTesting the psychometric properties of the ELAS revealed that attention in everyday life can be reliably measured by situation-specific scales (Study 1) and that these scales are sensitive for attentional difficulties in patients with ADHD (Study 2), particularly for Reading, Assignment, Activity, and Conversation. The ELAS can be used as part of a battery assessment approach or in the context of treatment evaluation.<br/

The Development of an Embedded Figures Test for the Detection of Feigned Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adulthood

OBJECTIVES: It has been shown that an increasing number of adults deliberately feign attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which demonstrates the need for new tests designed to detect feigned ADHD. METHODS: An Embedded Figures Test (EFT) was developed for the detection of feigned ADHD in adulthood. EFT performance of 51 adults with ADHD was compared to the performance of 52 matched healthy individuals, as well as to 268 undergraduate students who were randomly allocated in a simulation design to one of four experimental conditions, i.e. a control group, a naïve simulation group, a symptom-coached simulation group or a test-coached simulation group. Furthermore, an independent sample of 11 adults with ADHD as well as a sample of 17 clinicians experienced in the work with adults with ADHD were assessed for further validation of the EFT. RESULTS: The EFT was relatively easy to perform for both patients with ADHD and healthy comparisons as shown by low error rates and non-significant group differences. However, simulation groups differed from patients with ADHD by significant and large effects. An EFT index for the prediction of feigned ADHD was derived based on logistic regression coefficients. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) demonstrated good classification accuracy of feigned ADHD relative to ADHD (AUC = 94.8%), i.e. high sensitivity (88%) and specificity (90%). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the utility of the EFT for the detection of feigned adult ADHD

Motion analysis of elite Polish soccer goalkeepers throughout a season

The study aims were to determine the distance covered by goalkeepers during matches in the context of game duration and result, to identify the area of their most frequent activity, and to assess goalkeepers' involvement in games finished with a win, draw, or loss. The investigation was based on two innovative tools: the goalkeeper's activity index (GAI) and an analysis of 5-min periods. A video tracking system was used to monitor 17 goalkeepers from Polish National League teams during 15 matches. The GAI was applied to assess their involvement in the game. Elite goalkeepers covered 72.7%, 25.8%, and 2.5% of the distance during the game by walking/jogging, running, and sprinting, respectively. The distances covered in lost, won, and drawn matches turned out similar (mean \ub1 SD: 4800 \ub1 906 m, 4696 \ub1 1033 m, and 4660 \ub1 754 m, respectively). There were no significant differences between the distances covered in the first and second halves. The area of most frequent activity was the middle sector of the penalty area between the goal and penalty area lines. ANOVA results showed that in drawn matches, goalkeepers' activity significantly differed in mean values of the GAI in comparison with that in won and lost games (p = 0.034, p = 0.039, respectively). It was noted that goalkeepers tended to intervene more often in games where their team was winning rather than in those with a losing result. Their direct involvement in defending the goal was the lowest in drawn games