111 research outputs found
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Influence of Hierarchical Interfacial Assembly on Lipase Stability and Performance in Deep Eutectic Solvent
Hierarchical systems that integrate nano- and macroscale structural elements can offer enhanced stability over traditional immobilization methods. Microparticles were synthesized using interfacial assembly of lipase with (CLMP-N) and without (CLMP) nanoparticles into a crosslinked polymeric core, to determine the impact of the highly ordered system on lipase stability in extreme environments. Kinetic analysis revealed the macrostructure significantly increases the turnover rate (kcat) following immobilization. The macrostructure also stabilized lipase at neutral and basic pH values, while the nanoparticles influenced stability under acidic pH conditions. A greener solvent, choline chloride and urea, was applied to produce sugar ester surfactants. Microparticles exhibited decreases in the turnover rate (kcat) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) following exposure, but retained over 60% and 20% activity after exposure at 50 ÂșC and 60 ÂșC, respectively. CLMP and CLMP-N outperformed the commercially available lipase per unit protein in the production of sugar esters. The utilization of greener solvent systems with hierarchical immobilized enzyme systems has the potential to improve processing efficiency and sustainability for the production of value-added agricultural products
Formality theorems for Hochschild complexes and their applications
We give a popular introduction to formality theorems for Hochschild complexes
and their applications. We review some of the recent results and prove that the
truncated Hochschild cochain complex of a polynomial algebra is non-formal.Comment: Submitted to proceedings of Poisson 200
Advances in Real-Time Database Systems Research Special Section on RTDBS of ACM SIGMOD Record 25(1), March 1996.
A Real-Time DataBase System (RTDBS) can be viewed as an amalgamation of a conventional DataBase Management System (DBMS) and a real-time system. Like a DBMS, it has to process transactions and guarantee ACID database properties. Furthermore, it has to operate in real-time, satisfying time constraints imposed on transaction commitments. A RTDBS may exist as a stand-alone system or as an embedded component in a larger multidatabase system. The publication in 1988 of a special issue of ACM SIGMOD Record on Real-Time DataBases signaled the birth of the RTDBS research area -- an area that brings together researchers from both the database and real-time systems communities. Today, almost eight years later, I am pleased to present in this special section of ACM SIGMOD Record a review of recent advances in RTDBS research. There were 18 submissions to this special section, of which eight papers were selected for inclusion to provide the readers of ACM SIGMOD Record with an overview of current and future research directions within the RTDBS community. In this paper [below], I summarize these directions and provide the reader with pointers to other publications for further information. -Azer Bestavros, Guest Edito
Gene probing reveals the widespread distribution, diversity and abundance of isoprene-degrading bacteria in the environment
Background: Approximately 500 Tg of isoprene are emitted to the atmosphere annually, an amount similar to that of methane, and despite its significant effects on the climate, very little is known about the biological degradation of isoprene in the environment. Isolation and characterisation of isoprene degraders at the molecular level has allowed the development of probes targeting isoA encoding the α-subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase. This enzyme belongs to the soluble diiron centre monooxygenase family and catalyses the first step in the isoprene degradation pathway. The use of probes targeting key metabolic genes is a successful approach in molecular ecology to study specific groups of bacteria in complex environments. Here, we developed and tested a novel isoA PCR primer set to study the distribution, abundance, and diversity of isoprene degraders in a wide range of environments. Results: The new isoA probes specifically amplified isoA genes from taxonomically diverse isoprene-degrading bacteria including members of the genera Rhodococcus, Variovorax, and Sphingopyxis. There was no cross-reactivity with genes encoding related oxygenases from non-isoprene degraders. Sequencing of isoA amplicons from DNA extracted from environmental samples enriched with isoprene revealed that most environments tested harboured a considerable variety of isoA sequences, with poplar leaf enrichments containing more phylogenetically diverse isoA genes. Quantification by qPCR using these isoA probes revealed that isoprene degraders are widespread in the phyllosphere, terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. Specifically, soils in the vicinity of high isoprene-emitting trees contained the highest number of isoprene-degrading bacteria. Conclusion: This study provides the molecular ecology tools to broaden our knowledge of the distribution, abundance and diversity of isoprene degraders in the environment, which is a fundamental step necessary to assess the impact that microbes have in mitigating the effects of this important climate-active gas
Mise en Ă©vidence des diffĂ©rentes barriĂšres et facilitateurs de lâaccĂšs aux soins en mĂ©decine de premier recours par les personnes trans*
Les personnes trans* font partie dâune population Ă risque en santĂ©, Ă la fois par leur invisibilitĂ© Ă©pidĂ©miologique mais Ă©galement par la discrimination quâelles subissent de la part de la sociĂ©tĂ© et du monde mĂ©dical. LâaccĂšs Ă des soins spĂ©cifiques est un long parcours mais finalement, si lâon en croit la littĂ©rature, lâaccĂšs Ă des soins de premier recours nâest pas sans encombre non plus. DiffĂ©rentes barriĂšres se dressent sur leur chemin : une sociĂ©tĂ© peu informĂ©e, peu de signes dâouverture et beaucoup de lacunes de la part du personnel de santĂ© avec comme consĂ©quences une mĂ©fiance et une diminution de lâutilisation des services de soins et une mise en danger de leur santĂ©. Mais quâen est-il de la situation en Suisse ?
Je me suis intĂ©ressĂ©e aux diffĂ©rentes barriĂšres et facilitateurs de lâaccĂšs aux soins de premier recours pour les personnes trans*, en Suisse, dans le canton de Vaud. Mon objectif Ă©tait de pouvoir comprendre les dĂ©terminants de lâaccĂšs aux soins afin de garantir une meilleure prise en charge de ces personnes et par la suite, connaĂźtre les points sur lesquels insister afin dây sensibiliser les (futur.e.s) professionnel.le.s de la santĂ©.
Nous avons explorĂ© les parcours et opinions de trois personnes trans* dâidentitĂ© de genre, dâĂąge et de phase de transition diffĂ©rent.e.s. Au travers de trois entretiens semi-structurĂ©s, nous avons dĂ©couvert une sĂ©rie de dĂ©terminants de lâaccĂšs aux soins, la majoritĂ© rejoignant la littĂ©rature mais avec pour certains un peu de nuance. Dans lâensemble, les participant.e.s estimaient avoir un accĂšs aux soins correct, le plus dĂ©rangeant Ă©tait plutĂŽt le vĂ©cu de ces soins. On a notĂ© lâimportance du premier contact qui est un point clĂ© car il donne la premiĂšre impression et peut dĂ©terminer le dĂ©roulement du reste de la consultation voire du suivi ou de son absence. On a pu remarquer une insistance particuliĂšre sur le mĂ©genrage qui Ă©tait spĂ©cialement mal vĂ©cu, considĂ©rĂ© comme un manque de respect et une non-reconnaissance de la personne. Le mĂ©genrage est dâautant plus insupportable lors de la prĂ©sence de tĂ©moins, proches ou inconnus, cela donne une impression de retour en arriĂšre pour les proches et induit Ă la personne trans* une peur de la rĂ©action des inconnus. Les participant.e.s ont Ă©galement fait ressortir le fait que les mĂ©decins ont un manque de connaissances et dâexpĂ©rience vis-Ă -vis des personnes trans*, cela peut nuire dâune part Ă leur prise en charge car ils risquent dâomettre certains points importants et dâautre part au lien soignant.e â patient.e car ces lacunes peuvent amener une mĂ©fiance de la part du.de la patient.e sur les capacitĂ©s de son.sa mĂ©decin. Les participant.e.s ont pu partager leurs expĂ©riences face Ă la discrimination, de par la vision binaire de la sociĂ©tĂ©, mais Ă©galement du monde mĂ©dical, qui base le genre sur le sexe biologique et fait frĂ©quemment des liens qui nâont pas lieu dâĂȘtre. De plus, la transidentitĂ© reste encore abstraite pour beaucoup de mĂ©decins et il leur est parfois difficile de prendre conscience de son importance, avec une tendance Ă banaliser ce ressenti face Ă une pathologie somatique plus concrĂšte et objectivable. Notons Ă©galement que la transidentitĂ© reste un diagnostic psychiatrique, malgrĂ© la volontĂ© des organismes de santĂ© de trouver une dĂ©finition plus correcte. Un diagnostic psychiatrique reste lourd Ă porter, cependant les participant.e.s lâacceptent car il leur permet une reconnaissance « officielle » et lâaccĂšs Ă un processus de transition. Il reste Ă©galement indispensable aux diffĂ©rentes procĂ©dures administratives, longues et contraignantes, leur permettant de changer leur nom et genre sur leurs documents dâidentitĂ©.
Tous ces dĂ©terminants nous ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©sentĂ©s comme des freins Ă lâaccĂšs aux soins, cependant tout dĂ©pend de lâusage que lâon en fait. Ce qui est ressorti de ces entretiens est que malgrĂ© les lacunes du personnel mĂ©dical, le manque dâexpĂ©rience et les erreurs qui peuvent ĂȘtre commises parfois, le plus important reste avant tout lâattitude de ces soignant.e.s face aux personnes trans*. Nous avons notĂ© une grande importance des personnes ressources et du rĂ©seau de soin car dĂšs le moment oĂč lâon se comporte avec respect, bienveillance et humanitĂ©, câest tout ce qui compte et câest ce que les personnes retiennent
Transforming food waste: how immobilized enzymes can valorize waste streams into revenue streams
Food processing generates byproduct and waste streams rich in lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, which contribute to its negative environmental impact. However, these compounds hold significant economic potential if transformed into revenue streams such as biofuels and ingredients. Indeed, the high protein, sugar, and fat content of many food waste streams makes them ideal feedstocks for enzymatic valorization. Compared to synthetic catalysts, enzymes have higher specificity, lower energy requirement, and improved environmental sustainability in performing chemical transformations, yet their poor stability and recovery limits their performance in their native state. This review article surveys the current state-of-the-art in enzyme stabilization & immobilization technologies, summarizes opportunities in enzyme-catalyzed valorization of waste streams with emphasis on streams rich in mono- and disaccharides, polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins, and highlights challenges and opportunities in designing commercially translatable immobilized enzyme systems towards the ultimate goals of sustainable food production and reduced food waste
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