A technical study to economize the amount of zinc used in the production of radiogallium

Abstract For the production of radiogallium, the targets were prepared in two forms, namely, electroplated metal and pressed oxide. The target holder was selected from Cu-metal as a circular disk. The experimental yields of 66,67,68Ga produced from both irradiated natZnO and zinc metal targets are given and compared with the estimated yields as well as with the previously reported values. The ZnO target developed in this work appears to be more convenient and economical for local production of short-lived radiogallium, e.g. 66Ga and 68Ga.</jats:p

New activation cross section data on longer lived radio-nuclei produced in proton induced nuclear reaction on zirconium.

In the frame of a systematic study of charged particle production routes of medically relevant radionuclei, the exci- tation function for indirect production of 178mTa through natHf(α,xn)178−178mTa nuclear reaction was measured for the first time up to 40 MeV. In parallel, the side reactions natHf(α,x)179,177,176,175W, 183,182,178g,177,176,175Ta, 179m,177m,175Hf were also assessed. Stacked foil irradiation technique and γ-ray spectrometry were used. New experimental cross section data for the natTa(d,xn)178W reaction are also reported up to 40 MeV. The measured excitation functions are compared with the results of the ALICE-IPPE, and EMPIRE nuclear reaction model codes and with the TALYS 1.4 based data in the TENDL-2013 library. The thick target yields were deduced and compared with yields of other charged particle ((p,4n), (d,5n) and (3He,x)) production routes for 178W

Excitation functions of 3He-particle-induced nuclear reactions on 103Rh: Experimental and theoretical investigations

Excitation functions for the 3He-induced reactions on 103Rh as alternative pathway for the production of the medically used 103Pd were studied by the stacked foil technique. Excitation functions of the 103Rh(3α, x) 103Pd, 103,104,104m,105Ag and 100,101,101m,102,102mRh reactions were determined up to 27 MeV by detecting only the characteristic γ-rays obtained from the decay of residual nuclei. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical ones obtained from the EMPIRE-3.2 code and ‎the TENDL nuclear data library. From the measured cross-section data integral production yields were calculated

Cross sections and isomeric cross-section ratios in the interactions of fast neutrons with isotopes of mercury

Excitation functions were measured for the reactions Hg-196(n, 2n)Hg-195(m,g),Hg-198(n, 2n)Hg-197(m,g),Hg-204(n, 2n)Hg-203,Hg-198(n,p)Au-198(g), and Hg-199(n,p)Au-199 over the neutron energy range of 7.6-12.5 MeV. Quasimonoenergetic neutrons were produced via the H-2(d,n)He-3 reaction using a deuterium gas target at the Julich variable energy compact cyclotron CV 28. Use was made of the activation technique in combination with high-resolution, high-purity Ge detector gamma-ray spectroscopy. All the data were measured for the first time over the investigated energy range. The transition from the present low-energy data to the literature data around 14 MeV is generally good. Nuclear model calculations using the codes STAPRE and EMPIRE-2.19, which employ the statistical and precompound model formalisms, were undertaken to describe the formation of both the isomeric and ground states of the products. The total reaction cross section of a particular channel is reproduced fairly well by the model calculations, with STAPRE giving slightly better results. Regarding the isomeric cross sections, the agreement between the experiment and theory is only in approximate terms. A description of the isomeric cross-section ratio by the model was possible only with a very low value of eta, i.e., the Theta(eff)/Theta(rig) ratio

Excitation functions of proton-induced reactions on natFe and enriched 57Fe with particular reference to production of 57Co

Excitation functions of the reactions (nat)Fe(p,xn)(55,56,57,58)Co, (nat)Fe(p,x)(51)Cr, (nat)Fe(p,x)(54)Mn, (57)Fe(p,n)(57)Co and (57)Fe(p,alpha)(54)Mn were measured from their respective thresholds up to 18.5MeV, with particular emphasis on data for the production of the radionuclide (57)Co (T(1/2)=271.8d). The conventional stacked-foil technique was used, and the samples for irradiation were prepared by an electroplating or sedimentation process. The measured excitation curves were compared with the data available in the literature as well as with results of nuclear model calculations. From the experimental data, the theoretical yields of the investigated radionuclides were calculated as a function of the proton energy. Over the energy range E(p)=15-->5MeV the calculated yield of (57)Co from the (57)Fe(p,n)(57)Co process amounts to 1.2MBq/microAh and from the (nat)Fe(p,xn)(57)Co reaction to 0.025MBq/microAh. The radionuclidic impurity levels are discussed. Use of highly enriched (57)Fe as target material would lead to formation of high-purity (57)Co

Experimental studies and nuclear model calculations on proton induced reactions on manganese up to 45 MeV with reference to production of 55Fe, 54Mn and 51Cr

Excitation functions of the reactions (55)Mn(p,n)(55)Fe, (55)Mn(p,x)(54)Mn and (55)Mn(p,x)(51)Cr were measured from their respective thresholds up to 18 MeV in the first case and up to 45 MeV in the latter two cases, using the conventional stacked-foil technique. The radioactivity of (55)Fe was determined via high resolution X-ray spectrometry and of other radionuclides via high resolution γ-ray spectrometry. Nuclear model calculations were performed using the codes ALICE-IPPE, EMPIRE and TALYS. In some cases, good agreement was found between the experimental and theoretical data while in others considerable deviations were observed. From the experimental data the expected integral yields of the three investigated radionuclides were calculated

Experimental and theoretical study for the production of 51Cr using p, d, 3He and 4He projectiles on V, Ti and Cr targets

Production of 51Cr (T1/2 = 27.7 d) have been studied experimentally through the reaction of proton and 3He on natV and natTi targets respectively by using a variable energy cyclotrons. Reaction cross sections were obtained at different energies using the stacked-foil technique. High resolution gamma ray spectrometers were used for measuring the c-ray spectra. Comparison between the present experimental results and the previously reported data has been carried out and discussed. The possibility of producing 51Cr with reasonable yield using different projectiles and different natural targets was studied and reported. Excitation functions for the reactions of proton, deuteron, 3He and 4He particles on natural vanadium, titanium and chromium targets have been evaluated using two theoretical codes TALYS-1.6 and EMPIRE- 3.1. The recommended cross-sections and the integral yields as well were obtained

Excitation function of 3He induced nuclear reactions on natPt up to 26MeV

The energy dependence of the cross-sections of 3He-particle induced reactions on natPt targets was studied in the energy range from threshold up to 26 MeV, using a stacked-foil irradiation technique and classical gamma-spectroscopy. The formation of the radioisotopes via natPt(3He,xn)192Hg, natPt(3He,xn)193m,gHg, natPt(3He,xn)195m,gHg, natPt(3He,xn)197m,gHg, natPt(3He,xn)199mHg, natPt(3He,pxn)192,193,194,195,199,200mAu, natPt(3He,pxn)196m,gAu, natPt(3He,pxn)198m,gAu and natPt(3He,2pxn)197m,199Pt reactions were assessed. The obtained excitation functions were compared with the earlier published data and the theoretical model calculations by the codes ALICE-IPPE, EMPIRE-03, TALYS-1.4 and TENDL-2011 activation data library

A Proposal for a National Cancer Control Plan for the UAE: 2022–2026

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the fastest growing economies with consequent increase in non-communicable diseases including cancer. The number of reported cases and mortality have been increasing in the UAE over the years, despite screening and early detection efforts which appear to be far from target coverage of the intended population. In this work, we highlight key elements of a proposed national cancer control plan for the UAE. The plan is still a work in progress and has not yet been officially adopted. A comprehensive and effective control plan requires accurate data, a reliable cancer registry, and periodic monitoring and evaluation. The UAE cancer control plan is being prepared in line with the WHO and EMRO framework, with defined objectives and goals. The objectives are to combat cancer, reduce incidence, control mortality, and improve outcomes and quality of life for cancer patients. There is also a focus on improving public health education, prevention, early detection, prompt diagnosis, treatment facilitation, continuity of care, performance evaluation, training of workforce, and research

Formation of high-spin neodymium and mercury isomers in neutron and charged particle induced nuclear reactions

The isomeric pairs 195m,gHg, 197m,gHg, 139m,gNd and 141m,gNd constitute interesting cases since the ground state has a low spin and the isomeric state a relatively high spin. Their formation was studied in several reactions induced by n, p, 3He, and α-particles. The four projectiles were produced at the Jülich variable-energy compact cyclotron (CV 28); for neutron production the 2H(d,n)3He reaction was used. The cross sections were measured by the activation technique. From the available experimental data, isomeric cross-section ratios were determined. Nuclear model calculations using the code STAPRE, which employs the Hauser-Feshbach and exciton model formalisms, were undertaken to describe the formation of both the isomeric and the ground states of the products. The calculations were compared with the results of the EMPIRE-II code. The total reaction cross section of a particular channel is reproduced fairly well by the model calculations, with STAPRE giving slightly better results. Regarding the isomeric cross sections, the agreement between the experiment and theory is only in approximate terms. A description of the isomeric cross-section ratio by the model was possible only with a very low value of η (η = Θeff/Θrig) for the mercury isotopes, while slightly larger η values were needed for neodymium isotopes. An exponential mass dependence of η is proposed