Verkhneudinsky Branch of the Russian-Asian Bank in Credit and Financial Market of Western Transbaikalia in 1911-1914

The analysis of the activities of the Verkhneudinsky branch of the Russian-Asian Bank (until 1910 - Russian-Chinese) on the credit and financial market of Western Transbaikalia in 1911-1914 is presented, its influence on the development of trade and industry of the region is determined. Based on the reporting and office records stored in the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia and the Russian State Historical Archive, the dynamics of the active and passive operations of the banking branch in the context of the all-Russian industrial expansion in 1909-1913 was analyzed. It was established that the Verkhneudinsky branch of the bank espouse cautious financial policy, issuing loans to its customers at inflated interest rates. It is proved that, despite the favorable situation in the country's economy during the indicated period, the credit and financial institution in Verkhneudinsk has largely lost its dominant position in the banking services market of Western Transbaikalia. According to the authors, this circumstance was the result of a sharp increase in competition in connection with the emergence in the fairly small financial and credit market of the region of two new banking institutions - the Verkhneudinsky and Kyakhtinsky mutual credit societies

Interdisciplinary approach to organization of professional competence of bachelors

The article discusses the relevance of the interdisciplinary approach in the pedagogical process. As a means of formation of interdisciplinary links proposed interdisciplinary teaching aid in the preparation of bachelorsВ статье рассматривается актуальность междисциплинарного подхода в педагогическом процессе. В качестве средства формирования междисциплинарных связей в процессе подготовки бакалавров предлагается междисциплинарное учебно-методическое пособи

Phenotypic diversity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) landraces accumulated in the Vavilov collection from the centers of the crop origin

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second grain legume for the area of cultivation in the world, and the third for the production. However, modern cultivars of chickpea are typically susceptible to a variety of diseases, and have modest drought tolerance. The improvement of the crop for adaptability сould be carried out via introgression of valuable traits genes from old landraces collected in the centers of chickpea origin and diversity: the primary – Turkey and secondary – Ethiopia. The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (thereafter VIR) preserves 3380 chickpea accessions, with landraces representing over a half of them. Here, the results of analysis of variability of 11 biological, morphological and economic-valuable traits in 1082 chickpea landraces descended from 60 countries are briefly driven. More in detail the sample of 75 landraces from Turkey and 24 landraces from Ethiopia (centres of chickpea origin) which had been sampled there 90 years ago have been studied. We analyzed the phenotypic variability with a treatment of 15 traits. The traits were studied using component analyses. Geographic regularities of certain traits in the studied accessions have been revealed. Ethiopian landraces are relatively homogeneous, belonging mostly to desi-type, and having fewer small, dark, and angular seeds, a short maturation period. They belong to the Abyssinian eco-geographical group, absolutely unique and endemic to Ethiopia. Turkish landraces are characterized by much higher diversity for the majority of phenotypes, covering almost the entire range of traits specified in chickpea descriptors. In this region, together with landraces typical for Turkey, there are those from the western Mediterranean and from the areas bordering with Turkey to the east. Landraces from primary and secondary centers of origin differed on the range of variability of the traits studied. The smaller degree of variation and primitiveness of the most traits and lower seed productivity in Ethiopian landraces in comparison with Turkish ones indicates a greater breeding advancement of the latter. Useful traits for breeding are present in the landraces from both centers of origin and diversity

Персонифицированная ранняя диагностика и прогнозирование течения туберкулезной инфекции у детей с выделением предикторов латентной туберкулезной инфекции и туберкулеза

The objective: to determine predictors of the development of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and tuberculosis in children and adolescents.Subjects and methods. A study was carried out, including testing induced IFN-y and assessment of genotypes of the polymorphic variant of IFNG gene (T-1488C) among 310 children under the age of 18. They included children ill with tuberculosis, infected with tuberculous mycobacteria (MTB) and not infected with MTB.Results. It was found that the main predictors of LTBI development were biomedical factors, for LTBI progression - social factors. The marker of the high risk to develop tuberculosis (OR = 4.667, 95% CI 1.24-17.62; p = 0.008) for both primary (47.5%) and secondary (65.0%) genesis of the disease and its unfavorable course is the heterozygous IFNG genotype (T-1488C). The probable risk of tuberculosis progression in this variant is found to be at the level of 74.07% (95% CI 63.54-82.43%).At the early stage, LTBI markers were specific proteins: ESAT6, Rv2660c. The ESAT6-CFP10 hybrid protein was identified as a marker of active tuberculosis infection.Цель исследования: определение предикторов развития латентной туберкулезной инфекции (ЛТИ) и туберкулеза у детей и подростков.Материалы и методы. Проведено исследование, включающее определение индуцированного ИФН-Y и оценку генотипов полиморфного варианта гена IFNG (T-1488C) среди 310 детей в возрасте до 18 лет: с туберкулезом, инфицированных микобактериями туберкулеза (МБТ) и не инфицированных МБТ.Результат исследования. Установлено, что основными предикторами развития ЛТИ являлись медико-биологические факторы, для прогрессирования ЛТИ - социальные факторы. Маркером высокого риска развития туберкулеза (ОШ = 4,667, 95%-ный ДИ 1,24-17,62; p = 0,008) как при первичном (47,5%), так и вторичном (65,0%) по генезу варианту заболевания и его неблагоприятном течении является гетерозиготный генотип IFNG (T-1488C). Вероятный риск прогрессирования туберкулеза при данном варианте установлен на уровне 74,07% (95%-ный ДИ 63,54-82,43%).Маркерами ЛТИ на ранней стадии являлись специфические белки: ESAT6, Rv2660c. Гибридный белок ESAT6-CFP10 определен как маркер активной туберкулезной инфекции

BTK, NuTM2A, and PRPF19 are Novel KMT2A Partner Genes in Childhood Acute Leukemia

Chromosomal rearrangements of the human KMT2A/MLL gene are associated with acute leukemias, especially in infants. KMT2A is rearranged with a big variety of partner genes and in multiple breakpoint locations. Detection of all types of KMT2A rearrangements is an essential part of acute leukemia initial diagnostics and follow-up, as it has a strong impact on the patients’ outcome. Due to their high heterogeneity, KMT2A rearrangements are most effectively uncovered by next-generation sequencing (NGS), which, however, requires a thorough prescreening by cytogenetics. Here, we aimed to characterize uncommon KMT2A rearrangements in childhood acute leukemia by conventional karyotyping, FISH, and targeted NGS on both DNA and RNA level with subse-quent validation. As a result of this comprehensive approach, three novel KMT2A rearrangements were discovered: ins(X;11)(q26;q13q25)/KMT2A-BTK, t(10;11)(q22;q23.3)/KMT2A-NUTM2A, and inv(11)(q12.2q23.3)/KMT2A-PRPF19. These novel KMT2A-chimeric genes expand our knowledge of the mechanisms of KMT2A-associated leukemogenesis and allow tracing the dynamics of minimal residual disease in the given patients. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: KMT2A rearrangement assessment was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 19-75-10056). Quantitative RT-PCR for MRD monitoring was supported by Russian Presidential (grant no. MK-1645.2020.7)

Future Developments and Applications of the Vaccines against Dangerous Viral Infections, RNA-Replicon-Based, Obtained from the Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus

The members of the Filoviridae (Marburg and Ebola viruses) and Arenaviridae (Lassa, Lujo, Machupo, Junin, Guanarito, Sabia viruses) families are the etiological agents of particularly dangerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. These agents pose a potential threat to public health care in view of the possibility of their unintended import into the non-endemic regions, and thus construction of specific medical protectors as regards induced by them diseases is a pressing issue. According to leading experts, vaccination of the cohorts that fall in the risk groups is the most effective and least expensive method to prevent the development of epidemics. The review contains information on a new prospective line of protective preparations development as regards particularly dangerous viral infections - construction of alphavirus-replicon-based vaccine. Elaboration of recombinant replicons does not require cultivation of pathogenic microorganisms. RNA-replicons are distinguished by their incapacity to produce infective progeny, which is of a great importance for the development of vaccines against particularly dangerous viral hemorrhagic fevers. Advantages of alphaviral replicons over other RNA-replicons are as follows: high levels of heterologous gene expression and resistance to anti-vector immunity. RNA-replicons of alphaviruses combine the safety of inactivated, and immunogenicity of live attenuated vaccines. Alphaviruses-based replicons are suitable for express vaccine development with the purpose of specific prophylaxis of viral infectious diseases

Current State of the Development of Therapies for Emergency Prophylaxis and Treatment of Ebola Virus Disease

Nowadays vaccination of the population living in the endemic regions and widespread implementation of the potent therapies for the emergency prophylaxis and treatment into the clinical practice are regarded as the basic efficient and cost-effective measures for Ebola epidemic spread control. Objective of the review is to analyze current state of the development of aids for the immediate prophylaxis and treatment of Ebola fever. Focus area of the activities is the construction of drugs on the basis of virus-specific anti-bodies (including monoclonal), small interfering RNA, and anti-sense phosphordiamidate morpholine oligomers and interferons. The paper discusses the most significant achievements in this sphere

Immunogenicity evaluation of Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V)

In November 2020, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation began mass immunisation of the personnel with Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V), the first Russia vaccine against the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Thus, it became necessary to assess post-vaccination antibody levels and the duration and intensity of humoral immunity to COVID-19.The aim of the study was to investigate the immunogenicity and efficacy of Gam-COVID-Vac in military medical staff after vaccination.Materials and methods: the authors determined the presence of specific antibodies in the serum of individuals immunised with Gam-COVID-Vac (477 volunteers) and COVID-19 convalescents (73 patients), using virus neutralisation (VN), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with reagent kits by several manufacturers, and immunoblotting. The results of the study were evaluated using analysis of variance.Results: VN detected virus neutralising antibodies in 90.7% of vaccinated subjects; ELISA, in 95.4%. Both VN and ELISA showed lower antibody levels in the vaccinated over 50 years of age. ELISA demonstrated a significantly higher concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG in the Gam-COVID-Vac group than in the COVID-19 convalescent group. The correlation between antibody detection results by VN and ELISA was the strongest when the authors used their experimental reagent kit for quantitative detection of virus neutralising antibodies by competitive ELISA with the recombinant human ACE2 receptor. Having analysed the time course of neutralising antibody titres, the authors noted a significant, more than two-fold decrease in geometric means of the titres three months after administration of the second vaccine component.Conclusions: the subjects vaccinated with Gam-COVID-Vac gain effective humoral immunity to COVID-19. The decrease in titres indicates the need for revaccination in 6 months

The Molecular Genetic Peculiarities of Genomic Structure of Members of the <i>Ebolavirus</i> Genus

The molecular genetic peculiarities of genomic structure of the Ebolavirus genus members are viewed in the review. The Ebola virus disease outbreaks in West African countries constitute a threat not only for Africa, but for the whole world in view of possible introduction of the agent in non-endemic regions. The members of the Ebolavirus genus have different pathogenicity for humans, thus differ severity and mortality of the disease they cause. There is a significant genetic divergence among members of the Ebolavirus genus. The differences of pathogenic potential of members of the Ebolavirus genus may be explained as the result of mutations in the genes of virus structural proteins. It is possible, that some of these mutations may affect virulence of strains within one virus species. So far as most effective modern medicines for specific prophylaxis and treatment of Ebola fever are target-oriented, genotyping of the agent will promote elaboration of strategy of such preparations development

Forming A Pedagogue’s Research Competences in Innovative Educational Environment

Changes that take place in different spheres of life in Russia (economic, political, social, cultural) determine new requirements to the goals, values, functions of education in providing the development and self-realization of students. A graduate of a modern school should master a complex of information and research skills, and have critical and creative thinking. Research methodology. The orientation of education towards the growth of a student as a person, bearer of certain individual peculiarities, and activity subject may be of use only if an effective strategy of pedagogic work is developed. Such a strategy should be scientifically grounded on the basic principles of modern approaches implemented in pedagogy and psychology: humanistic, personality-, activity- and competence-oriented. Research results. Four spheres of a pedagogue’s professional activity in an innovative educational environment have been distinguished: sphere of analysis, synthesis and mastering pioneering pedagogic experience; sphere of popularization and initial practical use of pioneering pedagogic experience and advanced developments; sphere of the improvement of professional skills and realization of creative potential of a teacher; sphere of innovative processes in the system of education. Discussion. The essence of a pedagogue’s research activity is conditioned by the functions, which are based on the following factors: optimization of the teaching and educational process; specifically, structured controlled cognitive process; processes of self-improvement, self-instruction and selfeducation, self-realization; mastering professional pedagogic activity of a new level. Conclusion. Four levels of the development of a teacher’s research competences have been distinguished: basic, empiric (local and initiative), productive (tactical), and constructive (strategic)