61 research outputs found
Properties of quasi-periodic pulsations in solar flares from a single active region
We investigate the properties of a set of solar flares originating from a
single active region (AR) that exhibit QPPs, and look for signs of the QPP
periods relating to AR properties. The AR studied, best known as NOAA 12192,
was unusually long-lived and produced 181 flares. Data from the GOES, EVE,
Fermi, Vernov and NoRH observatories were used to determine if QPPs were
present in the flares. For the soft X-ray GOES and EVE data, the time
derivative of the signal was used. Power spectra of the time series data
(without any form of detrending) were inspected, and flares with a peak above
the 95% confidence level in the spectrum were labelled as having candidate
QPPs. The confidence levels were determined taking account of uncertainties and
the possible presence of red noise. AR properties were determined using HMI
line of sight magnetograms. A total of 37 flares (20% of the sample) show good
evidence of having QPPs, and some of the pulsations can be seen in data from
multiple instruments and in different wavebands. The QPP periods show a weak
correlation with the flare amplitude and duration, but this may be due to an
observational bias. A stronger correlation was found between the QPP period and
duration of the QPP signal, which can be partially but not entirely explained
by observational constraints. No correlations were found with the AR area,
bipole separation, or average magnetic field strength. The fact that a
substantial fraction of the flare sample showed evidence of QPPs using a strict
detection method with minimal processing of the data demonstrates that these
QPPs are a real phenomenon, which cannot be explained by the presence of red
noise or the superposition of multiple unrelated flares. The lack of
correlation between the QPP periods and AR properties implies that the
small-scale structure of the AR is important, and/or that different QPP
mechanisms act in different cases.Comment: 23 pages, 57 figures. Accepted for publication by Astronomy &
Astrophysic
Quasi-periodic pulsations in the gamma-ray emission of a solar flare
Copyright Β© 2010 American Astronomical Society / IOP PublishingQuasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) of gamma-ray emission with a period of about 40 s are found in a single loop X-class solar flare on 2005 January 1 at photon energies up to 2-6 MeV with the SOlar Neutrons and Gamma-rays (SONG) experiment aboard the CORONAS-F mission. The oscillations are also found to be present in the microwave emission detected with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph, and in the hard X-ray and low energy gamma-ray channels of RHESSI. Periodogram and correlation analysis shows that the 40 s QPPs of microwave, hard X-ray, and gamma-ray emission are almost synchronous in all observation bands. Analysis of the spatial structure of hard X-ray and low energy (80-225 keV) gamma-ray QPP with RHESSI reveals synchronous while asymmetric QPP at both footpoints of the flaring loop. The difference between the averaged hard X-ray fluxes coming from the two footpoint sources is found to oscillate with a period of about 13 s for five cycles in the highest emission stage of the flare. The proposed mechanism generating the 40 s QPP is a triggering of magnetic reconnection by a kink oscillation in a nearby loop. The 13 s periodicity could be produced by the second harmonics of the sausage mode of the flaring loop
Comparative analysis of natural antibodies to neurotransmitters in the conditions of changes in physical activity on the human body
We performed a comparative evaluation of natural antibodies (e-At) to glutamate and GABA, the bioregulators of, respectively, excitatory and inhibitory systems in the people who differ in physical activity and its duration. The study included those athletes who are intensely engaged in Greco-Roman wrestling (22 cases), ice hockey (42 cases). The control group consisted of volunteers performing a complex of fitness exercises (42 persons). The relative contents of natural neurotransmitter antibodies in blood serum was determined by the solid-phase ELISA technique, using a synthetic conjugated glutamate and GABA antigens for sorption on the analytic plates. With increasing physical activity determined by the coaching schedule, a significant increase in the level of GABA and glutamate antibodies was found in the groups subjected to strenuous exercise, compared to the controls. For wrestling athletes, a consequent measurement of glutamate and GABA antibodies was performed, with an interval of 14 days for each period. The zero point of the first stage was characterized by the absence of physical activity, being increased at later terms. We have established experimentally an interrelation between changes in immunological parameters and physical loads at different time periods of Greco-Roman wrestling. There was a gradual increase in antibodies to these neurotransmitters after the first stage of sport exercises. However, a statistically significant change in their level was observed only by the end of the third training period. In hockey players, a comparative ELISA testing of natural antibodies to glutamate and GABA showed a significant change in the level of antibodies to neurotransmitters compared with appropriate parameters of control group. We have also noted distinct features of the antibody content in hockey players if compared with Greco-Roman fighters. The content of GABA and glutamate antibodies for the group of hockey players examined was initially significantly higher than in control group, and remained on these levels throughout the entire training process. These results may indicate a different functional state of the body before exercise. Statistical evaluation of the data obtained has revealed some individual patterns of serum antibody contents in athletes. At initial terms, most hockey players, either at rest and under physical load, showed a scatter in the contents of GABA antibodies. After enhanced physical loads, the number of athletes with higher levels of glutamate antibodies was increased. The data obtained may indicate to a degree of GABA-and glutamate-dependent regulatory systems involvement into various stages of physical training
Study of humoral immunity indices for assessing physical exhaustion in sports
Studies of real opportunities for physical skills of athletes sufficiently depend on their adaptive potential for increasing physical loads. Extreme physical and psychoemotional loads may lead to overwork and decreased physical ability in professional sportsmen. These adaptation processes are regulated by the main biochemical systems of the body. A special role belongs to the factors of humoral immunity, i.e., natural antibodies, which are a component of innate immunity. They circulate in blood of healthy persons in absence of obvious antigenic stimulation. Analytical techniques for measuring the level of natural antibodies that reflect the state of the system of endogenous bioregulators involved into the molecular mechanisms of adaptation process have been developed. An important role among them is played by the regulators of the opioid system Ξ²-endorphin and orphanin. The biochemical and immunological parameters were determined in 10 athletes active in figure skating (Master of Sports), whose average age was 16Β±0.4 years, and sport experience of 9Β±1 years. The duration of the study was divided into 5 stages and was 62 days. During the dynamic observations in the course of intensive training, no clear shifts in biochemical parameters were revealed towards adaptation stress and delayed recovery. The level of natural antibodies to orphanin and beta-endorphin was measured in the athletes blood serum by ELISA techique. It is found that each athlete is characterized by individual immune profile. At the initial stage of the examination, the level of antibodies to beta-endorphin was within normal ranges, except for its decrease in one athlete. The level of antibodies to orphanin in majority of cases was higher than normal, probably, due to inhibitory control of the pain signal. Further study in time dynamics revealed that the immunological parameters, natural antibodies to opioid peptides, change in accordance with the state of adaptation resources in the athletes. These indexes reflect psycho-emotional potential and pain tolerance threshold for athletes from the start of training and throughout the entire period. Therefore, from a prognostic point of view, it is important to monitor the content of natural antibodies to beta-endorphin and orphanin in athletes in the course of training. Such individual monitoring of the athleteβs immunological indices allows us to select a more effective, personal training program
Morphological Features of Red Blood Cells in Patients with Severe Concomitant Injury
Objective: to reveal changes in the structure and shape of red blood cells depending on blood loss (BL) volume in patients with severe concomitant injury (SCI). Subjects and methods. Eighteen patients (9 men, 9 women) aged 48.6Β±16.1 years who had sustained severe concomitant mechanical injury (CMI) with different BL volumes and hemodynamic disorders were examined. According to the volume of BL, the patients were divided into two groups: 1) 7 victims with a BL volume of < 750 ml (5.7Β±1.9 ml/kg), grade 1 BL; 2) 11 victims with a BL volume of > 2000 ml (37.5Β±5.1 ml/kg), grade 4 BL. A comparison group consisted of 5 apparently healthy volunteers whose mean age was 26.4Β±2.7 years. The shapes and sizes of red blood cells were examined by light optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM). To study the composition of red blood cells, ten microliters of whole blood were applied to the slides and red blood cell monolayers were prepared using a V-sampler. The membrane surface was scanned by semicontact resonance AFM. The investigators used NSGL 01-A cantilevers with a resonance frequency in the range of 80200 kHz, a probe radius of 10 nm, 512 and 1024 scanning points, and 100X100 ^m and 10X10 ^m scanning fields. Planar and 3D images were obtained. Results. Calculation of 1000 cells by light optical microscopy and AFM showed significantly different counts of macro- and microcytes in the comparison group. The 100X100-^m field exhibited the following types of red blood cells: discocytes (97.9Β±1.5% and 96Β±5%), echinocytes (2.1Β±0.9% and 3Β±1%), and squamous cells (0.1Β±0.02% and 1Β±0.5%). Within the first 24 hours after injury, the victim group displayed lower normocyte counts and higher counts of macrocytes and microcytes than the control group. AFM in the 100X100-^m field revealed that the victims with SMI when admitted to an intensive care unit exhibited a significant decrease in the counts of discocytes counts and increases in those of echinocytes, stomatocytes, and squamous cells, as compared to the controls. Anisocytosis and poikylocytosis was found to depended on the degree of BL. The squamous cells are most likely to be a variety of young erythrocytes. An appreciable increase in macrocytes and squamous cells on day 5 most likely reflects enhanced compensatory erythropoiesis in response to BL. Examination of red blood cell shapes within the first 24 hours after injury in the AFM field revealed profound discocytes with a protuberance in the center. On day 1 of injury changes in the nanostructure of red blood cell membranes included: 9-fold increase of first-order height (hj); 1.5-fold and 3-fold increase of second- and third-order heights (h2 and h3), respectively. The magnitude of changes in hj, h2 and h3 depended on the volume of BL and tended to decrease within the first two weeks of injury. Conclusion. The victims with SMI were observed to possess significant anisocytosis and poikylocytosis. The changes were associated with the volume of BL and included profound discocytes with a protuberance in the center as well aso changes in heights of nanostructural patterns of red blood cell membranes. Key words: severe concomitant injury, blood loss, atomic force microscopy, light optical microscopy, nanostructure of red blood cell membranes
Methodology of comprehensive assessment of the athlete's adaptive potential to the load
The review summarizes the current data on the methods of assessment of adaptation and disadaptation (fatigue, overreaching, overtraining, OT) of athlete during training; special attention is paid to the diagnostic value of biochemical and immunological markers of adaptation potential (AP). Their diagnostic significance was analyzed. Hypotheses and possible mechanisms of OT development were considered. Based on the results of recent studies published by domestic and foreign authors, both the diversity and the number of proposed adaptation markers have been established, and a lack of unity of approaches in the assessment of AP and OT has been revealed. Large amount of biochemical, immunological and other tests proposed for the evaluation of AP was summed up. The most significant AP and OT markers are protein metabolism factors, enzymes, lactate, urea. The role of immune factors, besides leukocytes and lymphocytes, is intensively studied: these are leukocyte toxicity index, level of neutrophils, cytokines, natural antibodies to AP bioregulators. The prospects of using an integrated test system for determining the e-At panel to AP bioregulators is shown for monitoring the athlete's condition, and especially for early diagnosis of OT
ΠΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ
Introduction. Stomach doubling is one of the rarest types of gastrointestinal doubling in the system of pathology of abdominal organs in children. Stomach doubling occurs in 4β8% of cases of gastrointestinal doubling. To a greater extent, it is diagnosed in girls. The rarest localization of doubling is a small curvature of the stomachΒ β 7%.The purpose of the study: to present the informative value of radiation methods in the diagnosis of gastric doubling by the example of a clinical case.Material and methods. The work is based on the analysis of clinical data, instrumental, histological studies performed in a childrenβs hospital in St. Petersburg.Results: An 8-year-old patient was hospitalized for further examination for cystic formation of the abdominal cavity, detected antenatally at 36 weeks of gestation. At the age of 2 years, MSCT angiography of the abdominal cavity was performed and a differential series between a liver cyst and a doubling of the stomach was exposed. At the control ultrasound, further negative dynamics in size. An MRI revealed that the picture most likely corresponds to a cystic doubling of the stomach. Indications for surgical treatment are exposed. Histologically confirmed variant of stomach doubling.Conclusion. The multimodal approach allows timely diagnosis of the presented pathology, differential diagnosis of gastric doubling with rare localization and determination of indications for surgical treatment.Β ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π£Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°Β β ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ·Β Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Π²Β ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΒ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π£Π΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Β 4β8% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠ’. ΠΒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΒ Π΄Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π° ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°Β β 7%.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²Β Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Π½Π°Β ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈΒ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π°Β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Β Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅ Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ° 8Β Π»Π΅Ρ, Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΒ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Β 36-ΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π³Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ. ΠΒ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 2Β Π»Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΠ‘ΠΠ’-Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΒ Π²ΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΒ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π£ΠΠ Π²Β Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²Β ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠ° ΠΠ Π’ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΒ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ°.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.
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