10 research outputs found

    HAZ microstructure in joints made of X13CrMoCoVNbNB9-2-1 (PB2) steel welded with and without post-weld heat treatment

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    The article presents the results of research butt welded joints made of X13CrMoCoVNbNB9-2-1 steel. The joints were welded with post-weld heat treatment PWHT and without PWHT, using the temper bead technique TBT. After welding the joint welded with PWHT underwent stress-relief annealing at 770 掳C for 3 hours. The scope of structural tests included the microstructural examination of the coarse-grained heat affected zone (HAZ) areas of the joints, the comparison of the morphology of these areas and the determination of carbide precipitate types of the coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) of the joints welded with and without PWHT

    Do艣wiadczenia przy spawaniu z艂膮czy doczo艂owych rur z nowej generacji stali w gatunku PB2 przeznaczonej dla przemys艂u energetycznego

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    This paper presents a new generation steel PB2 grade assigned for the power industry. In this article the authors present the results of non-destructive (VT, PT, RT) and destructive (tensile test, bending test, hardness measurements, impact strength, macro- and micrograph, fractography) tests. The major objective of the examinations was to verify properties of welded joints made of PB2 steel. Investigation of welded joints made of PB2 steel was performed in Instytut Spawalnictwa in Gliwice and it brings one of the first positive results for this type of steel in the world.W artykule scharakteryzowano stal nowej generacji w gatunku PB2 przeznaczon膮 dla przemys艂u energetycznego. Zaprezentowano wyniki bada艅 nieniszcz膮cych (VT, PT, RT) i niszcz膮cych (statyczna pr贸ba rozci膮gania, pr贸ba zginania, pomiar twardo艣ci, pomiar pracy 艂amania, badania metalograficzne makro- i mikroskopowe) maj膮ce na celu sprawdzenie w艂asno艣ci po艂膮cze艅 spawanych wykonanych z tego gatunku stali. Badania po艂膮cze艅 spawanych rur ze stali PB2, przeprowadzone w Instytucie Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach s膮 jednymi z pierwszych wynik贸w bada艅 tej stali na 艣wiecie

    The influence of manual metal arc multiple repair welding of long operated waterwall on the structure and hardness of the heat affected zone of welded joints

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    Welded installations failures of power plants, which are often result from a high degree of wear, requires suitable repairs. In the case of cracks formed in the weld bead of waterwall, weld bead is removed and new welded joint is prepared. However, it is associated with consecutive thermal cycles, which affect properties of heat affected zone of welded joint. This study presents the influence of multiple manual metal arc welding associated with repair activities of long operated waterwall of boiler steel on properties of repair welded joints. The work contains the results of macro and microscopic metallographic examination as well as the results of hardness measurements

    HAZ microstructure in joints made of X13CrMoCoVNbNB9-2-1 (PB2) steel welded with and without post-weld heat treatment

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    The article presents the results of research butt welded joints made of X13CrMoCoVNbNB9-2-1 steel. The joints were welded with post-weld heat treatment PWHT and without PWHT, using the temper bead technique TBT. After welding the joint welded with PWHT underwent stress-relief annealing at 770 掳C for 3 hours. The scope of structural tests included the microstructural examination of the coarse-grained heat affected zone (HAZ) areas of the joints, the comparison of the morphology of these areas and the determination of carbide precipitate types of the coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) of the joints welded with and without PWHT

    Wp艂yw wybranych parametr贸w procesu zgrzewania metod膮 FSW na w艂a艣ciwo艣ci mechaniczne doczo艂owych z艂膮czy stopu aluminium 6082

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    In the friction stir welding (FSW) process a rotating and travelling tool equipped with a specially designed probe is slowly plunged into joined materials, plasticizes and stirs them thus forming a joint. Various geometric shapes of stirring tools make the motion of plasticized material very complex, which, in turn, translates to the structure and mechanical properties of joints. The article presents the results of tests focused on the impact of selected FSW process parameters on the mechanical properties of butt welded joints made of 6082 aluminium alloy. The tests were performed at various linear welding speeds, using singleand double-sided test joints welded with three types of stirring tools, differing in probe and shoulder geometry. The article reveals the results of mechanical and fatigue tests of the FSW joints.W procesie zgrzewania FSW obracaj膮ce i przesuwaj膮ce si臋 narz臋dzie z odpowiednio zaprojektowanym trzpieniem zag艂臋bia sie w 艂aczone materia艂y, uplastycznia je oraz miesza ze sob膮 przez co powstaje z艂膮cze. R贸偶ne kszta艂ty geometryczne narz臋dzi mieszaj膮cych sprawiaj膮, 偶e ruch uplastycznionego materia艂u jest bardzo z艂o偶ony. Przek艂ada si臋 to na budow臋 strukturaln膮 z艂膮czy i ich w艂a艣ciwo艣ci mechaniczne. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki bada艅 wp艂ywu wybranych parametr贸w procesu zgrzewania metoda FSW na w艂a艣ciwosci mechaniczne doczo艂owych z艂膮czy zgrzewanych ze stopu aluminium 6082. Badania prowadzono na z艂膮czach pr贸bnych zgrzewanych jednostronnie oraz dwustronnie przy u偶yciu trzech typ贸w narz臋dzi mieszajacych, r贸偶ni膮cych si臋 geometri膮 trzpienia i wie艅ca opory, oraz przy r贸偶nych pr臋dko艣ciach liniowych zgrzewania. Przedstawiono wyniki bada艅 mechanicznych oraz bada艅 zm臋czeniowych z艂膮czy zgrzewanych metod膮 FSW

    Spawanie remontowe stali SQV2A na zbiorniki ci艣nieniowe z u偶yciem techniki 艣cieg贸w odpuszczaj膮cych bez obr贸bki cieplnej z艂膮cza po spawaniu

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    SQV2A Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel ferritic steel has been developed for pressure vessel fabrication. Due to its chemical composition and carefully controlled heat treatment the SQV2A steel consists of fine-grained tempered martensite/lower bainite microstructure, which exhibits well-balanced combination of strength and low temperature toughness. However, this balance is disturbed by the thermal cycles experienced during welding, producing areas of unaccepted mechanical behaviors. Generally, a decrease in toughness of some regions of BM Heat Affected Zone is the most critical aspect of multi-layer (repair) welding. A full scale Post Welding Heat Treatment (PWHT) usually restores the mechanical behaviors to requested levels. Additionally, PWHT removes hydrogen trapped in the microstructure during welding. A situation becomes critical, when on-site local (repair) welding takes place. Harsh environment, difficult access and a presence other facilities make the in-situ PWHT almost inapplicable. In term of cold cracking prevention, a Gas Tungsten arc Welding (GTAW) gives acceptable hydrogen levels in the weld region; and full scale PWHT is unnecessary. This is the main reason why the GTAW has become a leading process for on-site (repair) welding of heavy section components. Moreover, a automatic GTAW process offers better weld geometry controlling which has become out of importance for welding not followed by PWHT. A precisely controlled multiple weld thermal cycles of predefined peak temperatures in particular weld regions can be employed for restoring the mechanical behavior of critical weld areas instead of full scale PWHT.Manganowo - molibdenowo - niklowa ferrytyczna stal w gatunku SQV2A zosta艂a opracowana do wytwarzania zbiornik贸w ci艣nieniowych w przemy艣le energetycznym. Dzi臋ki sk艂adowi chemicznemu oraz kontrolowanej obr贸bce cieplnej mikrostruktura stali SQV2A sk艂ada si臋 z drobnoziarnistego odpuszczonego martenzytu / dolnego bainitu, kt贸ra wykazuje dobre po艂膮czenie w艂a艣ciwo艣ci wytrzyma艂o艣ciowych i ci膮gliwo艣ci przy niskich temperaturach. Jednak偶e te dobre zale偶no艣ci pomi臋dzy w艂a艣ciwo艣ciami wytrzyma艂o艣ciowymi a ci膮gliwo艣ci膮 zostaj膮 zak艂贸cone przez cykle cieplne, kt贸re oddzia艂uj膮 podczas spawania i prowadz膮 do powstania w z艂膮czu spawanym obszar贸w o niekorzystnych w艂a艣ciwo艣ciach mechanicznych. Obni偶enie w艂a艣ciwo艣ci plastycznych (ci膮gliwo艣ci) niekt贸rych obszar贸w SWC spawanej stali stanowi najbardziej krytyczny aspekt wielowarstwowego spawania remontowego. Typowa obr贸bka cieplna z艂膮cza spawanego po spawaniu PWHT zwykle przywraca w艂a艣ciwo艣ci mechaniczne do wymaganego poziomu. Ponadto obr贸bka cieplna PWHT z艂膮cza spawanego powoduje usuni臋cie z mikrostruktury wodoru uwi臋zionego podczas procesu spawania. Sytuacja bardzo komplikuje si臋 w przypadku konieczno艣ci spawania remontowego na ograniczonym obszarze na du偶ym elemencie. Trudne warunki otoczenia, ograniczony dost臋p do miejsca naprawy oraz obecno艣膰 innych niedogodno艣ci sprawiaj膮, 偶e poprawne przeprowadzenie obr贸bki cieplnej z艂膮cza po spawaniu PWHT staje si臋 bardzo utrudnione. W warunkach zapobiegania p臋kni臋ciom zimnym, spawanie metod膮 TIG (GTAW) daje zadawalaj膮co niskie ilo艣ci wodoru w obszarach z艂膮cza a obr贸bka cieplna po spawaniu, w pe艂nym zakresie, nie jest wymagana. To stanowi g艂贸wn膮 przyczyn臋 dlaczego metoda spawania TIG jest najcz臋艣ciej stosowanym sposobem lokalnego spawania remontowego du偶ych element贸w konstrukcyjnych. Ponadto, automatyczne spawanie metod膮 TIG umo偶liwia lepsz膮 kontrol臋 geometrii spawanego z艂膮cza zw艂aszcza w przypadku kiedy obr贸bka cieplna z艂膮cza po spawaniu nie jest wykonywana. Precyzyjnie kontrolowane cykle cieplne, o zdefiniowanych temperaturach maksymalnych w szczeg贸lnych obszarach z艂膮cza, mog膮 by膰 stosowane, podczas spawania wielowarstwowego, do przywr贸cenia w艂asno艣ci mechanicznych w krytycznych rejonach SWC zamiast typowej obr贸bki cieplnej po spawaniu (PWHT)
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