Mineralogy and paragenesis of metallic ore deposits of Niğde Masif

Niğde Masifi, Niğde ili ile Çamardı ilçesi arasında, yaklaşık 800$km^2$'lik bir alanı kaplayan, etrafı genç volkanik ve çekellerle örtülü, Paleosen öncesi oluşan, üstten alta doğru; beyaz ve çok kalın mermerler, gnays, mikaşist, fillat, kuvarsit ve amfibollerin oluşturduğu metamorfik bir bölgedir. Bu metamorfik seri içerisinde domsal yapılar oluşturarak sokulum yapan Üçkapılı Granodiyoriti'ne bağlı olarak, Au, Ag, Sn, W, Mo, Bi, As, Sb, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn ve Fe elementlerinin oluşturduğu, bir çok cevherleşme bilinmektedir. Bu cevherleşmeler genellikle küçük zuhur ve yüzeysel mostralar şeklindedir. Bu amaçla, Niğde Masifi içerisinde, 1:25.000 ölçekli jeolojik ve topoğrafık haritalar baz alınarak büyük dere ve çökelme havzalarından çok sayıda bate örnekleri derlenmiş, bunların tane preparatı ve cevher mikroskobu incelemeleri sonucunda Üçkapılı, Celaller, Kılavuz, Gümüşler ve Eynelli bölgelerinde bulunan cevherleşmelerde hematit, realgar, zinober, antimonit, galenit, kalkopirit, fahlerz, sfalarit, pirit, arsenopirit, nabit altın, bizmutinit, wolframit-seelit, kasiterit, molibdenitle temsil edilen cevher mineralleri, ikincil olarak oluşan götit, limonit, manganit, kalkosin, kovellin, azurit-malakit ve bunlarla birlikte kuvars, bant, kalsit, Ca, Mg, Fe ve Mn karbonatlar, turmalin, feldispatlar ve mikanın yer aldığı gang mineralleri belirlenmiştir. Sözkonusu olan bu mineraller, Niğde Masifi'ne ait jeolojik harita üzerine taşındığında, Üçkapılı Granadiyoriti'ne bağlı olarak oluşan, epitermalden katatermale ve burdan pegmatitik-pnömatolitik evreye kadar uzanan cevherleşmeye ait zonlanmanın mevcut olduğu görülmektedir. Belirtilen zonlar, içerisindeki cevherlerle birlikte değerlendirildiği takdirde ekonomik olabilecek altın anomalileri Üçkapılı ve Celaller bölgesinde yoğunlaşmaktadır.The Niğde massif is a Pre-Paleocene metamorphic complex covering an area of about 800 $km^2$ between the city of Niğde and town of Çamardı in Central Anatolia. The complex is consisted of, progressing upward, amphibolite, quartzite, gneiss, mica schist, phyllite, and very thick white marbles.In this metamorphic complex, a great variety of ore mineralizations containing Au, Ag, Sn, W, Mo, Bi, As, Sb, Hg, Cu, Pb, and Zn has been known that were produced as a result of the Üçkapılı Granitoid emplacement, which resulted information of a dome structure in the region. Majority ofthese mineralizations are observed as small outcrops and associated with this structure. Samples were colected from large river-beds and depositional sites by using 1:25000 scaled map of the area. Reflected light microscopy investigation of the samples collected from Üçkapılı, Celaller, Klavuz, Gümüşler, and Eynelli distrits reveled the presence of hematite goethite, limonite, manganite, chalcocite, covellite, azurite-malachite, hematite, realgar, cinnaber, antimonite, galena, chalcopyrite, fahlerz, sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, native gold, bismuthinite, wolframite-scheelite, cassiterite and molybdenite. Gang minerals associated include quarts, barite, calcite, Ca-Mg-Fe and Mn carbonates, tourmaline, feltspaths and mica. Based on the available data, a mineral zonnation devloped representing the telethermal stage to catathermal and further to pegmatitle to pneumatolitic in stages as a result of granitoid emplacement. Considering the abundance of the zones and ore mineral contents of each zone, the Üçkapılı and the Celaller could be considered as economically potential districts

Prognosis and Risk Factors of Nerve Injuries in Displaced Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures

Background: Supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures are serious injuries due to the neighborhood of critical neural and vascular structures. One of  the most devastating complications of SCH fractures is neurological damage, since it may cause permanent disability. The aim of this study is to categorize neurological complications, to report long‑term functional outcomes, and to determine risk factors associated with childhood SCH fractures. Methods: The records of 375 children were reviewed retrospectively. Data about amount and direction of displacement, the shape of the fracture,  age at the time of fracture, gender, time from impaction to surgery, time of surgery, type of neurological injury, and recovery time were recorded. Results: Neurological complications were seen in 37 (9.85%) children. Thirteen (35.1%) of the children had an iatrogenic nerve injury. All iatrogenic injuries were fully recovered in this study. However, 2 children who had combined neurological injury of radial, ulnar, and median nerves did not recover. Nearly 95% of all children who had neurological injury recovered fully. An anterior long and sharp bone fragment (spike) was observed in  most of the children with neurological injury, and this spike was seen in 14 (58.3%) patients who had a trauma‑related injury (n = 24). Conclusion: The prognosis of these nerve injuries is excellent, especially the iatrogenic ones. A long and sharp bone fragment (spike) may be  responsible for nerve injuries in some children. Surgical exploration is not necessary after an iatrogenic nerve injury when there is no neurotmesis.  Patience and care are utmost needed to handle neurological complications. Keywords: Cross‑pinning, iatrogenic nerve injury, neurological injury, prognosis, supracondylar fractur