Modeling of the communication link for data correction in network-rtk

The current communication in several network-RTK systems is frame relay technology that applied packet switching network (leased line) based on IPVPN which services data transmission between reference stations to control station. The most significant shortcoming of frame relay technology is depend on cabling networks and bandwidth limitation that is not effective for the rural or suburban area. In other hand the channel speed of frame relay is relative small for data transmission. This limitation has an effect on bandwidth, cost and time delay of the data transmission. In this paper we propose the system model of the 3G technology that is capable to overcome cabling dependency due to complicated installation, cost and time delay due to low data rate that will be applied for Network-RTK system in Metro-Area of Iskandar Malaysia. 3G technologies offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Services include widearea wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment. It can be expected by applying of 3G technology in network-RTK, the performance system of real time data transmission are improved in bandwidth capacity, channel speed and diminish the expenditure of cablinginstallation

Radiation protection literacy and its associated factors among healthcare workers in Negeri Sembilan

Background: Ionizing radiation can be an occupational hazard that need protection when in the form of particle which can produce biological changes to cells, tissues or organs. About 19.7% of worldwide average radiation dose is due to the medical use of radiation. In Malaysia, about 700,000 X-ray examinations were performed in 2014. The objective of this study is to assess the level and predictors for radiation protection literacy among healthcare workers in Negeri Sembilan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in health facilities in Negeri Sembilan from April 2018 to June 2018 among 151 healthcare workers. Respondents were selected based on their workplace using proportionate stratified random sampling method and data was obtained using validated self-administered questionnaire that focused on knowledge, attitude and practices on radiation protection. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Result: 52.3% of respondents had high knowledge, 80.8% had positive attitude and 56.3 % had good practice on radiation protection. Significant predictors for high knowledge were the use of radiation hazard monitoring device and being a radiation worker meanwhile for positive attitude was received medical surveillance. Significant predictors for good practice were the use of radiation hazard monitoring, being a radiation worker, being a health professional and being a health associate professional. Conclusion: Attitude on radiation protection among healthcare workers in Negeri Sembilan was still positive despite knowledge and practice was marginal. Future radiation protection awareness programme, education and training should be strengthen in order to improve radiation protection literacy among healthcare worker in Negeri Sembilan

Recent advances on palm oil mill effluent (POME) pretreatment and anaerobic reactor for sustainable biogas production

Palm oil is one of the leading agricultural crops in the world, as it dominates 34% of the global vegetable oil market, with approximately 64.6*103 million kgs of production in 2017. However, along with its breakthrough, the generation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as uncontrolled waste has become a serious matter and requires proper management to reduce its negative effects on the environment. Subsequently, the high organic content of POME makes it possible to convert waste into value-added products, such as biogas. A ratio of 0.5 for biological oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD) indicates a high possibility for biological treatment. Recently, the utilisation of POME as a cheap source for biogas production has gained an extraordinary amount of attention, and intensive research has been conducted on the upstream to downstream process. Finding the most suitable and efficient pretreatment technique and reactor configuration are vital parameters for the treatment and conversion of POME to biogas. This review describes existing pretreatment processes for POME and recommends recently manufactured high-rate anaerobic reactors as the most suitable and efficient pretreatment technique for maximising the extraction of biogas from POME

The potential of black ant (Dolichoderus sp.) as a biological control agents of the coconut leaf beetle (Brontispa longissima)

The study of coconut leaf beetle infestation, Brontispa longissima on palms and the effectiveness of biological agents as a method of control have been carried out in the laboratory. The study involves the effectiveness of potential black ants as biological agents in controlling beetle populations. The results of laboratory studies on the ability of black ant predation on the B. longissima found that the percentage of mean beetle are eaten by the group that has the number 100 black ants were higher and significantly different (P <0.05) as compared to group numbers 5, 20, 50 and 75 black ants. In addition, black ants also tend to attack and devour the B. longissima larvae and pupa stage compared to adult’s beetle via laboratory studies. It can be concluded that the B. longissima beetle has a great potential for causing considerable damage to the coconut tree which could affect coconut palm industry in Malaysia. However, the usage of biological agents as a control method had shown promising results in order to control the beetle infestation in coconut palm areas

ParaSitic iNFEctiON: a rEcUrriNg PHENOmENON iN maLaYSia

Abstract. A total of 255 patients including 179 (70.2%) of non-HIV and 76 (29.8%) HIV-infected patients were recruited in this descriptive study. The subjects was significantly found to be male Chinese (157; 61.6% vs 74; 47.1%) followed by female Malays (98; 38.4% vs 35; 35.7%) (p&lt;0.05). The majority of subjects (124; 48.6%) were in the age group of 21-39 years, however, no statistical difference was found between the various age groups (p&gt;0.05). Overall seroprevalence of latent Toxoplasma infection was 82/183 (44.8%) being; 3 (3.7%) positive for IgM, 74 (90.2%) for IgG, and 5 (6.1%) for IgG and IgM antibodies. The prevalence was more relatively found in the Chinese (28; 15.3%) and Malays (27; 14.8%) than others (p&lt;0.05). While, 23/76 (30.3%) of HIV-positive patients were shown Toxoplasma seropositivity. The majority of these subjects (138/181; 76.2%) were significantly asymptomatic (p = 0.000), while the others were clinically evident cases of toxoplasmosis. Of this, 37 patients were included in differential diagnosis relating to ocular diseases and only 4 patients were confirmed as having ocular toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) was based on presumptive diagnosis, particularly found in 5 patients with AIDS. Seventeen patients were clinically diagnosed as having malaria being; 8 for P. vivax, 4 for P. falciparum, 3 for P. malariae, and 2 for mixed infections. All cases resolved satisfactorily after treatment with antimalarial drugs. Other important emerging parasitic diseases were also detected in these patients including amebiasis (2), blastocystosis (1), cryptosporidiosis (1), filariasis (1), and giardiasis (2) during the time of this study

InGaN photocell significant efficiency enhancement on Si – an influence of interlayer physical properties

Nearly similar molar ratio of in and Ga in indium gallium nitride (InGaN) /Si photocells prefers to match InGaN conduction level energy to Si valance energy band for ohmic contact between two cells. At high temperature fabrication process, InGaN–Si interface shows highly defecting prone. Considering those tussles, InGaN-based/Si-based double-junction tandem solar cell was designed and fabricated. In₀.₄Ga₀.₆ N cell was fabricated on Si photocell by implementing AlN/SiO₂/Si₃N4 interlayers. Interlayer influence on quantum efficiency of InGaN cell was studied under ideal irradiance AM1.5 solar spectrum at 300°K. Because of insertion of interlayers between InGaN and Si; the gradual efficiency enhancement with respect to the overlayer h-GaN (a = 3.183 nm) plane lattice was found to 8.3%, 5.9% and 5.1% for AlN (a = 3.11 nm), for SiO₂ (a = 4.9 nm) and for Si₃N4 (a = 7.76 nm), respectively. AlN was found to be an excellent and SiO₂ as preferable interlayer compared with Si₃N4. Coherence (in-plane lattice matching) of nano-interlayer appears to reduce photonic electro-migration hurdle between InGaN and Si; therefore, progressive enrichment of efficiency was realized

Embedded wireless stingless beehive monitoring and data management system

In this paper, an embedded wireless stingless bee monitoring system, which investigates the environment's temperature and humidity effect on the bee activity and honey production of Heterotrigona Itama, a stingless bee species, is presented. The variables observed by the system are the weight of the honey container, the temperature inside the hive, humidity inside the hive, temperature of the environment outside of the hive, the humidity of the environment outside of the hive, and bee activity counter. The sensors used are Strain Gauge Load Cell (SGLC) sensor for weighing purposes, DHT22 sensors for temperature and humidity, and infrared transceivers bee counter sensor for bee activity monitoring. All installed sensors were controlled by using a NodeMCU microcontroller. All data were recorded and transferred to a Google Firebase real-Time database. The proposed system offers an android application to access the recorded data called EMAS apps. EMAS fetches all the information from the database and represents it on graphs and pages in the user smart devices. This paper analyses the data obtained for 36 hours from a single hive. Results obtained represent a relationship between the temperature collected and bee activity with the honey produced. It was observed that in the morning, the increase of temperature leads to high traffic of bees going out of the hive, which decreases the weight of the hive to 2.7 Kg. Meanwhile, in the evening, the decrease in temperature leads to high traffic of bees going into the hive, which increases the hive weight to 4.5 Kg. For future work, to enhance the system's performance, installation of the embedded system into an array of hives was advised and longterm data observation process was required

A rapid dipstick test for serological diagnosis of brugian filariasis: evaluation results

A total of 753 serum samples from six institutions were used to evaluate an immunochromatographic rapid dipstick test (Brugia Rapid) for diagnosis of Brugia malayi infection.The samples comprised of sera from 207 microfilaria positive individuals and 546 individuals from filaria non-endemic areas.The latter consisted of 70 individuals with soil-transmitted helminthic infections, 68 individuals with other helminthic infections, 238 individuals with protozoan infections, 12 individuals with bacterial and viral infections and 158 healthy individuals. The dipstick is lined with goat anti-mouse antibody (control line) and a B. malayi recombinant antigen (test line).First, the dipstick is dipped into a well containing diluted patient sera, thus allowing specific anti-filarial antibody in the serum to react with the recombinant antigen.Then the dipstick is placed into an adjacent well containing reconstituted anti-human IgG4-gold.After 10 minutes, development of two red-purplish lines denotes a positive result and one line indicates a negative reaction. The overall results of the evaluation showed 91% sensitivity, 99% specificity, 97% positive predictive value and 99% negative predictive value. Brugia Rapid is thus a promising diagnostic tool for detection of B. malayi infection,and would be especially useful for the brugian filariasis elimination programme