Diaspora Literature: Comparative Analysis of Bharti Mukharjee and Jhumpa Lahiri

There are prominent expatriate Indian writers known for their Diasporic literature.  Writers like Rohinton Mistory, Ashish Gupta, Kiran Desai, Chitra Banarjee -Divakaruni, Uma Parmeswaran etc. have contributed their literary genius to express Diasporic experiences. The eminent writers, especially South Asian Women novelists Jhumpa Lahiri and Bharti Mukharjee contributed a lot in the area of diasproic literature. Their contribution is recognized at the international level with applaud. The similarities and distinctions between them are briefly taken into consideration in this paper

SCREENING FOR HEPATITIS C Response from Hepatitis C Trust, BASL, BIA, BVHG, BSG, and BHIVA to article asking whether widespread screening for hepatitis C is justified

This is the peer reviewed published version of the following article: Response from Hepatitis C Trust, BASL, BIA, BVHG, BSG, and BHIVA to article asking whether widespread screening for hepatitis C is justified, which has been published in final form at 10.1136/bmj.h998. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with BMJ's Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0

Clonal analysis of a human antibody response. Quantitation of precursors of antibody-producing cells and generation and characterization of monoclonal IgM, IgG, and IgA to rabies virus.

We quantitated and characterized the changes in the human B cell repertoire, at the clonal level, before and after immunization with rabies virus. Moreover, we generated 10 monoclonal cell lines producing IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies to the virus. We found that in healthy subjects, not previously exposed to the virus, nearly 2% of the circulating B lymphocytes were committed to the production of antibodies that bound the virus. These B cells expressed the surface CD5 molecule. The antibodies they produced were polyreactive IgM that displayed a relatively low affinity for the virus components (Kd, 1.0-2.4 x 10(-6) g/microliters). After immunization, different anti-virus (IgG and IgA) antibody-producing cells consistently appeared in the circulation and increased from less than 0.005% to greater than 10% of the total B cells committed to the production of IgG and IgA, respectively. Most of such B cells do not express CD5 and produce monoreactive antibodies of high affinity for rabies virus (Kd, 6.5 x 10(-9) to 1.2 x 10(-10) g/microliters). One of these IgG mAbs efficiently neutralized rabies virus in vitro and in vivo, as detailed elsewhere (Dietzschold, B., P. Casali, Y. Ueki, M. Gore, C. E. Rupprecht, A. L. Notkins, and H. Koprowski, manuscript submitted for publication). Hybridization experiments using probes specific for the different human V gene segment families revealed that cell precursors producing low affinity IgM binding to rabies virus utilized a restricted number of VH gene segments (i.e., only members of the VHIIIb subfamily), whereas cell precursors producing high affinity IgG and IgA to rabies virus utilized an assortment of different VH gene segments (i.e., members of the VHI, VHIII, VHIV, and VHVI families and VHIIIb subfamily). In conclusion, our studies show that EBV transformation in conjunction with limiting dilution technology and somatic cell hybridization techniques are useful methods for quantitating, at the B cell clonal level, the human antibody response to foreign Ags and for generating human mAbs of predetermined specificity and high affinity

Reconstructing 3D x-ray CT images of polymer gel dosimeters using the zero-scan method

In this study x-ray CT has been used to produce a 3D image of an irradiated PAGAT gel sample, with noise-reduction achieved using the ‘zero-scan’ method. The gel was repeatedly CT scanned and a linear fit to the varying Hounsfield unit of each pixel in the 3D volume was evaluated across the repeated scans, allowing a zero-scan extrapolation of the image to be obtained. To minimise heating of the CT scanner’s x-ray tube, this study used a large slice thickness (1 cm), to provide image slices across the irradiated region of the gel, and a relatively small number of CT scans (63), to extrapolate the zero-scan image. The resulting set of transverse images shows reduced noise compared to images from the initial CT scan of the gel, without being degraded by the additional radiation dose delivered to the gel during the repeated scanning. The full, 3D image of the gel has a low spatial resolution in the longitudinal direction, due to the selected scan parameters. Nonetheless, important features of the dose distribution are apparent in the 3D x-ray CT scan of the gel. The results of this study demonstrate that the zero-scan extrapolation method can be applied to the reconstruction of multiple x-ray CT slices, to provide useful 2D and 3D images of irradiated dosimetry gels

Spectral and total radiation properties of turbulent carbon monoxide/air diffusion flames

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76724/1/AIAA-1986-294-399.pd

Radiation Intensity of a Turbulent Sooting Ethylene Flame

Turbulent sooting flame radiation is relevant to applications ranging from fire safety to gas turbine engines. The complex direct interactions of soot and radiation intensity are of particular importance when creating accurate soot prediction models. Previous studies have measured gas-band and broadband radiation intensity from turbulent sooting flames. The focus of the current study is the characterization of radiation intensity emanating from soot. A high-speed infrared camera (FLIR Phoenix) was used to acquire time-dependent quantitative images of radiation intensity of a turbulent sooting ethylene flame. The flame had a Reynolds number of 15,200 and was stabilized on a burner with an exit diameter of 8mm. The radiation intensity was collected utilizing a bandpass filter (3.77 ± .12 μm) to limit the radiation intensity source to soot. Time-dependent and time-averaged soot radiation intensities are plotted. Radiation intensity structures similar to those found in soot volume fraction diagnostics are observed and statistical analyses are employed to characterize the distribution of soot radiation intensity. The centerline distribution of radiation intensity from soot was qualitatively similar to earlier measurements of gas-band radiation intensity. Time-dependent images of radiation intensity exhibited discrete structures similar to images of soot volume fraction measured by laser-induced incandescence