Synthesis in a gel and sorption properties of N-2-sulfoethyl chitosan

A new procedure was developed for preparation of chelate amino-containing polymer N-2-sulfoethyl chitosan by synthesis in a gel through the reaction between chitosan and sodium 2-bromoethanesulfonate, yielding a polymer with the degree of substitution of up to 0.5. The structure of the resulting polymers was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The sorption characteristics with respect to transition and alkaline-earth metal ions were determined for the cross-linked polymers. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

REGIONAL FEATURES OF BIFIDOBACTERIA ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY IN INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA OF CHILDREN LIVING IN SIBERIA

Antagonistic properties of bifidobacteria to opportunistic microorganisms in vitro and mechanism of antagonistic activity decreasing were studied and. analyzed. Great percentage of bifidobacteria regional population strains with low antagonistic activity to transitional opportunistic microorganisms is registered. It results to colonization. resistance decreasing and. requires development of the preventive probiotics therapy methods to correct

Detection of genetic markers of pathogenicity factors at associative symbiosis of Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus autostrains, isolated from infants

The article presents the results of detection of genetic determinants of pathogenicity in 120 Klebsiella strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca) and 48 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the intestinal habitat of infants with intestinal dysbiosis. Registration of the investigated determinants in Klebsiella spp. autostrains DNA, which are non-clinical isolates, indicates the circulation of pathogenicity factors and, consequently, their possible causation in the formation of intestinal dysbiosis in infants

DETECTION OF CERTAIN GENETIC MARKERS OF THE PATHOGENIC FACTORS IN AUTOSTRAINS KLEBSIELLA SPP. IN INFANTS

The article presents the results of detection of genetic determinants of pathogenicity in 44 strains of Klebsiella (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca), isolated from the intestinal habitat of infants with intestinal dysbiosis. The presence of the uge gene was detected in 92 % of cases in K. oxytoca and in 90 % of K. pneumoniae. Kfu gene was detected twice as frequent (30 %) in K. pneumoniae strains than in K. oxytoca (12,5 %); bfp gene was detected in K. oxytoca 5 times more frequently (25 %) than in K. pneumoniae (5 %), as well as stx 1 - 29,2 % and 15 %, correspondingly. The presence of stx 2 gene wasn't recorded in any of the DNA samples. Registration of investigated determinants in DNA of Klebsiella spp. autostrains which are non-clinical isolates indicates pathogenicity factors circulation among them and therefore the risk of the formation of intestinal dysbiosis in children

MICROECOLOGICAL AND GENESPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF VAGINAL BIOTOPE LACTOBACILLI IN WOMEN WITH NONSPECIFIC LOWER FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT INFLAMMATORY DISEASES

The study included 30 reproductive age women with lower female reproductive tract nonspecific inflammatory diseases. The analysis of the qualitative and quantitative pathogenic microorganisms as well as lactobacilli composition was conducted. It was shown that in women observed the opportunistic microflora detected often (73,3 %) in the rest part of patients (26,7 %) in case if opportunistic microflora was absent the disbiotic changes occurred in lower concentration of normal microflora of vagina represented mostly by lactoflora. Deficiency of lactobacilli was observed almost in all women of this group (96,6 %) and only in one case (3,4 %) the concentration of lactobacilli was consistent with normal physiological range. Molecular genetic methods (PCR amplification) with visualization by means of electrophoresis in agarose gel was made for identification of Lactobacilli species. Consistency index (c) and species saturation index (sri) for opportunistic microorganisms in women vaginal biotope examined were calculated. Prevalence of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus jensoni isolating in 83 and 50 % respectively was shown. Also it was shown that in the structure of quantitative compatibility of studied species of lactobacilli the highest rate is characterized to the association of two types that makes 53 %

MICROECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KLEBSIELLA SPP. REGIONAL POPULATIONS IN THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA OF IRKUTSK CHILDREN

In this paper the microecological characteristics of Klebsiella spp. regional populations in the intestinal microbiota of infants were represented. 373 children (55,9 % of general quantity of researched) had disbiotic changes of intestinal microbiota related to increasing number of Klebsiella. The autostrains sensitivity to antibiotic drugs (в-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones) and to purified Klebsiella pneumoniae phage and purified polyvalent Klebsiella phage were researched. Samples of isolates (n = 142) characterized by a high proportion of antibiotic susceptible strains. Phage sensitivity of bacteriophage to the commercial preparations was determined in 268 strains of Klebsiella spp. of two types (146 strains of K. Oxytoca and 122 strains of K. pneumonia). Probably high frequency of pathogens resistant to studied bacteriophages (K. oxytocain 66 % and K. pneumoniae in 77.8 % of cases) was the reason of low efficiency of phage therapy by specific phage and can explain high frequency of occurrence of Klebsiella at dysbiosis in children of early age

Detection of some genes encoding pathogenicity factors in the typical isolates of Escherichia coli

Using polymerase chain reaction 316 strains of E. coli (strains with normal enzymatic activity, strains with weak enzymatic activity and strains with hemolytic activity) were examined for the presence of pathogenicity genes. They were isolatedfrom healthy children and children with functional disorders of the gastro-intestinal tract. The studies have shown that strains of Escherichia coli have pathogenic potential, as evidenced by the presence of genetic pathogenicity markers in them

Chemical protection of potatoes from fungal diseases, taking into account the stability of the variety

In the conditions of the Moscow region in 2019-2022 the effectiveness of funicides of new chemical classes in the potato protection system against rhizoctoniosis, late blight and alternariosis was studied, taking into account the different resistance of varieties (Gulliver, Grant, Sante) to diseases. Potato tubers were treated with the preparation Idikum, SC before planting, its biological effectiveness in reducing the incidence of rhizoctoniosis in the full germination phase was 76.7-95.7 %. It was found that the effectiveness of the preparation depended on the degree of disease development, the stability of the variety and the phase of crop development. In addition, when etching the planting material with Idikum, SC, there was no population of rhizoctosis sclerotia and the spread of dry rot on tubers of the new yield significantly reduced (1.6-5.0 times) compared to the control. The proposed scheme of potato protection in conditions of epiphytotic development of late blight and early blight based on combined chemicals Metaxil, SP, Inside, SC with contact fungicides Raek, CE, Talent, SC, Tirada, SC showed high efficiency in reducing harmfulness of the diseases, which allowed to extend the growing season of plants, to ensure a higher yield of potatoes, its marketability and quality. The use of preparations provided an increase in yield by 36.3-47.5 %, depending on the prevailing weather conditions of the growing season and on the variety in relation to the control (without treatment). It has been established that the biological effectiveness of the protection scheme in reducing the degree of late blight and early blight increased from susceptible to relatively stable varieties and, accordingly, this trend continued with an increase in yield. Higher increases were obtained on unstable varieties Gulliver and Sante (10.6-13.5 t /ha, or 45.7-56.0 %), lower – on the relatively stable variety Grand (7.8 t/ha, or 36.0 %). The contribution of the application of the protection scheme to the overall variation of gross and marketable potato yields was 76.5-81.0 %, gene-type - 7.9-12.5 %, the interaction of these factors – 3.7-4.7 %

Phytophthora infestans RXLR effectors act in concert at diverse subcellular locations to enhance host colonization

Oomycetes such as the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans deliver RXLR effectors into plant cells to manipulate host processes and promote disease. Knowledge of where they localize inside host cells is important in understanding their function. Fifty-two P. infestans RXLR effectors (PiRXLRs) up-regulated during early stages of infection were expressed as fluorescent protein (FP) fusions inside cells of the model host Nicotiana benthamiana. FP-PiRXLR fusions were predominantly nucleo-cytoplasmic, nuclear, or plasma membrane-associated. Some also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, peroxisomes, or microtubules, suggesting diverse sites of subcellular activity. Seven of the 25 PiRXLRs examined during infection accumulated at sites of haustorium penetration, probably due to co-localization with host target processes; Pi16663 (Avr1), for example, localized to Sec5-associated mobile bodies which showed perihaustorial accumulation. Forty-five FP-RXLR fusions enhanced pathogen leaf colonization when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, revealing that their presence was beneficial to infection. Co-expression of PiRXLRs that target and suppress different immune pathways resulted in an additive enhancement of colonization, indicating the potential to study effector combinations using transient expression assays. We provide a broad platform of high confidence P. infestans effector candidates from which to investigate the mechanisms, singly and in combination, by which this pathogen causes disease.</p