Exponentially fitted fifth-order two-step peer explicit methods

The so called peer methods for the numerical solution of Initial Value Problems (IVP) in ordinary differential systems were introduced by R. Weiner et al [6, 7, 11, 12, 13] for solving different types of problems either in sequential or parallel computers. In this work, we study exponentially fitted three-stage peer schemes that are able to fit functional spaces with dimension six. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented to show the behaviour of the new peer schemes for some periodic problems

Quark Orbital-Angular-Momentum Distribution in the Nucleon

We introduce gauge-invariant quark and gluon angular momentum distributions after making a generalization of the angular momentum density operators. From the quark angular momentum distribution, we define the gauge-invariant and leading-twist quark {\it orbital} angular momentum distribution $L_q(x)$. The latter can be extracted from data on the polarized and unpolarized quark distributions and the off-forward distribution $E(x)$ in the forward limit. We comment upon the evolution equations obeyed by this as well as other orbital distributions considered in the literature.Comment: 8 pages, latex, no figures, minor corrections mad

Off-Forward Parton Distributions in 1+1 Dimensional QCD

We use two-dimensional QCD as a toy laboratory to study off-forward parton distributions (OFPDs) in a covariant field theory. Exact expressions (to leading order in $1/N_C$) are presented for OFPDs in this model and are evaluated for some specific numerical examples. Special emphasis is put on comparing the $x>\zeta$ and $x<\zeta$ regimes as well as on analyzing the implications for the light-cone description of form factors.Comment: Revtex, 6 pages, 4 figure

The General Theory of Quantum Field Mixing

We present a general theory of mixing for an arbitrary number of fields with integer or half-integer spin. The time dynamics of the interacting fields is solved and the Fock space for interacting fields is explicitly constructed. The unitary inequivalence of the Fock space of base (unmixed) eigenstates and the physical mixed eigenstates is shown by a straightforward algebraic method for any number of flavors in boson or fermion statistics. The oscillation formulas based on the nonperturbative vacuum are derived in a unified general formulation and then applied to both two and three flavor cases. Especially, the mixing of spin-1 (vector) mesons and the CKM mixing phenomena in the Standard Model are discussed emphasizing the nonperturbative vacuum effect in quantum field theory

CFD modelling of double-skin facades with venetian blinds

This paper describes CFD modelling of Double Skin Façades (DSF) with venetian blinds inside the façade cavity. The 2-D modelling work investigates the coupled convective, conductive and radiative heat transfer through the DSF system. The angles of the venetian blind can be adjusted and a series of angles (0, 30, 45, 60 and 80 degrees) has been modelled. The modelling results are compared with the measurements from a section of façade tested within a solar simulator and with predictions from a component based nodal model. Agreement between the three methods is generally good. Discrepancies in the results are generally caused by the simplification of the CFD model resulting less turbulence mixing within the façade cavity. The CFD simulation output suggests that the presence of the venetian blinds has led up to 35 percent enhancement in natural ventilation flow for the façade cavity and 75 percent reduction in heat loads for the internal environment. It was also found that little changes of the convective heat transfer coefficients on the glazing surfaces have been caused by the venetian blinds with different angles