Identifikasi Kemampuan Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Biologi Ditinjau dari Aspek-aspek Literasi Sains

Salah satu kunci sukses menghadapi tantangan abad 21 adalah melek sains (science literacy) yaitu kemampuan seseorang dalam memahami, mengkomunikasikan, serta mengaplikasikan konsep biologi dalam kehidupan nyata. Pembelajaran biologi adalah salah satu wahana untuk memberdayakan literasi sains.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan siswa ditinjau dari aspek literasi sains meliputi 3 aspek: konten, proses, dan konteks.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang melibatkan 186 subyek di 7 sekolah yang berbeda (SMA 5 surakarta, SMA 7 Surakarta, SMA 8 Surakarta, MAN 1 Sragen, SMA 1 Sumberlawang, SMAN 2 Karanganyar, dan SMAN 1 Jogorogo). Data dihimpun menggunakan teknik tes dan non-tes (observasi, dokumentasi, angket, wawancara), selanjutnya data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi sains siswa ditinjau dari aspek konten (34,4%), aspek proses (32,61%), dan aspek konteks (35,91%).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa rata-rata kemampuan literasi sains pada aspek proses merupakan aspek kemampuan literasi sains rendah

Pengobatan Malaria Falsiparum tanpa Komplikasi dengan Halofantrin di Daerah Resisten Klorokuin

Treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria with halofantrine was carried out at ITCI Hospital, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia in 1990/1991. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of halofantrine. Eighty out of 96 malaria falciparum patients who had been selected according to WHO criteria for the in-vivo sensitivity test were treated with 500 mg halofantrine 6 hourly for three doses orally. The other 16 patients were treated with mefloquine 750 mg single dose orally as a control group. All patients were hospitalized for 3-5 days and followed up on day 7, 14, 21 and 28. The cure rate of halofantrine was 98.4% (62/63) and relapse rate was 1.6% (1/63) as a late RI. The mean fever clearance time (FCT) and parasite clearance time (PCT) were 22.4 ± 2.7 h and 58.3 ± 5.2 h respectively. Tlte FCT was significantly different compared to that of mefloquine (9.3 ± 2.4 h). Some haematological abnormalities appeared to be associated with malaria but no biochemical abnormalities were found. Mild diarrhoea (11.5%), nausea (6.4%), palpitation (2.6%) and dizziness (1.3%) were observed as side effects of halofantrine but disappeared without treatment.This study showed that halofantrine is effective and safe for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in a chloroquine resistant area

Pengobatan Penderita Malaria Falsiparum tanpa Komplikasi dengan Meflokuin di Daerah Resisten Klorokuin

Treatment with mefloquine of uncomplicated falciparum malaria patients was undertaken in ITCI Hospital, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia in 1991. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of mefloquine, and to assess in vitro sensitivity of P. falciparum to other antimalarials currently in use. A total of 16 falciparum malaria patients who had been selected according to WHO criteria for the drug sensitivity test were treated with 750 mg mefloquine single dose orally. All patients were hospitalized for 3-5 days and followed up on day 7, 14, 21 and 28. Clinical and parasitological examinations were carried out during the study, haematological and biochemical examinations were also performed before drug administration and when the patient was discharged from the hospital. The main presenting symptoms were chills, headache and fever. Cure rate was 100% with the mean fever clearance time and parasite clearance time was 9.3 ±_ 2.4 hours and 47.1 +_ 3.7 hours respectively. No significant drug-related changes were noted in hematological or biochemical parameters. Only nausea was observed as a side effect of mefloquine which was mild and disappeared without treatment. ITCI Hospital area is a highly chloroquine resistant area (90,9%) and also as a multidrug resistant area (50%). This study shows that mefloquine is effective and safe for the treatment of uncomplicated falcipamm malaria resistant to chloroquine as well as for multidrug resistant cases

Proteína C-reativa não é um marcador útil de infecção em unidade de terapia intensiva cirúrgica

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: C-reactive protein (CRP) is commonly used as a marker for inflammatory states and for early identification of infection. This study aimed to investigate CRP as a marker for infection in patients with postoperative septic shock. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, single-center study, developed in a surgical intensive care unit at Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. METHODS: This study evaluated 54 patients in the postoperative period, of whom 29 had septic shock (SS group) and 25 had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS group). All of the patients were monitored over a seven-day period using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and daily CRP and lactate measurements. RESULTS: The daily CRP measurements did not differ between the groups. There was no correlation between CRP and lactate levels and the SOFA score in the groups. We observed that the plasma CRP concentrations were high in almost all of the patients. The patients presented an inflammatory state postoperatively in response to surgical aggression. This could explain the elevated CRP measurements, regardless of whether the patient was infected or not. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not show any correlation between CRP and infection among patients with SIRS and septic shock during the early postoperative period.CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A proteína C reativa (PCR) é muito usada como marcador de estados inflamatórios e na identificação precoce de infecção. Este estudo teve como proposta investigar a PCR como marcadora de infecção em pacientes em choque séptico no período pós-operatório. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo, monocêntrico, desenvolvido numa unidade de terapia intensiva pós-operatória do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 54 pacientes no pós-operatório, sendo 29 deles com choque séptico (grupo SS) e 25 com síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica (grupo SI). Todos os pacientes foram acompanhados durante sete dias pelo escore SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) e com dosagens diárias de PCR e lactato. RESULTADOS: As dosagens de PCR não diferiram entre os grupos. Não foi observada correlação entre dosagem de PCR e lactato ou escore SOFA nos grupos estudados. Observamos que as concentrações plasmáticas de PCR estavam elevadas em quase todos os pacientes avaliados. Os pacientes no pós-operatório apresentam estado inflamatório em resposta à agressão cirúrgica, sendo este fato capaz de explicar as dosagens de PCR elevadas, independentemente de o paciente estar ou não infectado. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo não evidenciou correlação entre PCR e infecção nos pacientes com síndrome da resposta inflamatória sistêmica e choque séptico no período pós-operatório precoce