Emergent local initiative and the City: The case of neighbourhood associations of the better-off classes in post-1990 Urban Turkey

This article investigates the voluntary local organisations of the better-off classes in the Turkish urban context. Based on empirical research conducted with four neighbourhood associations (NAs), information is provided regarding their process of establishment, leadership, autonomy, goals and projects, resources and obstacles, which points to the significance of context. The research demonstrates that Turkish NAs differ from those in the West in terms of their commitment to ideological as much as pragmatic issues. In their response to the 'Islamist' versus 'secularist' polarisation in society, they seek to create their own localities as the places of secular and cosmopolitan people; and in their response to the increasingly unregulated and poorly serviced city, they struggle to create orderly localities protected from unlawful rent-seeking practices and equipped with adequate amenities. The NAs may be regarded as civic initiatives that empower the locality. Yet, by doing so, they may cause uneven development in urban space

Granulosa Cell Tumor In A Spayed Young Queen

A four years old cat was presented to Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology with complaints of weakness, inappetency, vomiting and estrus signs although it was spayed. Blood tests, radiography and ultrasonography revealed abdominal mass and uterine stump which were then removed surgically. Multilobular mass was defined as solid granulosa cell tumor (GCT). Increase of estrogen (E2) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF- 1) values were detected on the 10th postoperative day. On the 40th postoperative day, the cat was brought to Internal Medicine Clinic with the complaints of weakness, inappetency and cachexia. Anemia, leucocytosis, uremia, hyperglycemia, sensitiveness and pain in the right abdomen were determined. A tumor was detected in the liver by radiography and ultrasonography and was suspected to be GCT metastasis. Despite medical therapy, the cat died after four months

Understanding the Influences of Thermal and Mixture Inhomogeneities on the Auto-Ignition Process in a Controlled Auto-Ignition (CAI) Engine Using LES

This work applies Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to the combustion process within a CAI engine. The chemical reaction is treated with a pre-tabulation approach based on homogeneous reactor simulations. At this juncture, a five-dimensional chemistry database is employed where the thermochemical properties are a function of the unburnt gas temperature, the air-fuel ratio, the exhaust gas ratio, the pressure, and the reaction progress variable. Statistical quantities are gathered for 20 simulated cycles and the averaged pressure curves get compared to measurements. The simulation data are then used to provide further insight into the auto-ignition process. It will be shown how thermochemical states are distributed within the cylinder and how the ignition quality depends on them. A statistical analysis is conducted to identify manifolds in the multi-dimensional scalar space along which the conditions leading to ignition evolve. Furthermore the strong influence in between consecutive cycles caused by the exhaust gas is investigated to identify the mechanism of cycle-to-cycle variations

Processionary Moths and Associated Urtication Risk: Global Change–Driven Effects

Processionary moths carry urticating setae, which cause health problems in humans and other warm-blooded animals. The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa has responded to global change (climate warming and increased global trade) by extending its distribution range. The subfamily Thaumetopoeinae consists of approximately 100 species. An important question is whether other processionary moth species will similarly respond to these specific dimensions of global change and thus introduce health hazards into new areas. We describe, for the first time, how setae are distributed on different life stages (adult, larva) of major groups within the subfamily. Using the available data, we conclude that there is little evidence that processionary moths as a group will behave like T. pityocampa and expand their distributional range. The health problems caused by setae strongly relate to population density, which may, or may not, be connected to global change

Common surgical procedures in pilonidal sinus disease: A meta-analysis, merged data analysis, and comprehensive study on recurrence

Abstract We systematically searched available databases. We reviewed 6,143 studies published from 1833 to 2017. Reports in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish were considered, as were publications in other languages if definitive treatment and recurrence at specific follow-up times were described in an English abstract. We assessed data in the manner of a meta-analysis of RCTs; further we assessed non-RCTs in the manner of a merged data analysis. In the RCT analysis including 11,730 patients, Limberg & Dufourmentel operations were associated with low recurrence of 0.6% (95%CI 0.3–0.9%) 12 months and 1.8% (95%CI 1.1–2.4%) respectively 24 months postoperatively. Analysing 89,583 patients from RCTs and non-RCTs, the Karydakis & Bascom approaches were associated with recurrence of only 0.2% (95%CI 0.1–0.3%) 12 months and 0.6% (95%CI 0.5–0.8%) 24 months postoperatively. Primary midline closure exhibited long-term recurrence up to 67.9% (95%CI 53.3–82.4%) 240 months post-surgery. For most procedures, only a few RCTs without long term follow up data exist, but substitute data from numerous non-RCTs are available. Recurrence in PSD is highly dependent on surgical procedure and by follow-up time; both must be considered when drawing conclusions regarding the efficacy of a procedure