THE KINEMATICS AND KINETICS OF THE SIT-TO-STAND MOVEMENT IN YOUNG CHILDREN

The purpose of this study was to assess the kinematics and kinetics of the sit-to-stand (STS) movement in young children. The subjects were 12 children in three age groups: 12-18 (N=5), 24-36 (N=3), and 48-60 (N=4) months. Subjects were videotaped as they stood up from a seat adjusted to knee height. Data on forces at the feet and buttocks were collected simultaneously using two force platforms. Overall, the STS movement in the children was characterized by fast movement times (c. 1.2 s), large hip joint range of motion, large hip flexion angles, large vertical ground reaction forces at the feet, and hip joint moments of greater magnitude than knee joint moments. There was a trend toward increasing joint ranges of motion, velocities, forces, and moments with increasing age, with the oldest children having results quite similar to adults

Drought in Eastern Kenya: comparative observations of nutritional status and farmer activity at 17 sites

This paper is the first of a series of reports dealing with man-environment- technology relationships. In this study, agricultural drought is viewed as a natural, though extreme, outcome of the inter-action of man and nature. All human rural systems are seen as organized to continue to function within diverse environmental circumstances and therefore "adjusting" to give rise to practices, institutions and linkages which increase adaptation and consistency. The study attempts to portray farm level decision making as an adjustment behaviour and relates this to environmental circumstances. It shows that many diverse rural activities such as praying, rainmaking, irrigation, crop spacing, frequent weeding, migration, prostitution, poaching and intensified reciprocity norms all fit into the framework of adjustment behaviour. One of the more important findings of the study is the realization that a relatively low cost and high benefit approach for government, in dealing with drought problems, is to build dry land farming research and development programmes upon the local patterns of adjustment. This arises from the realization that the complexity, variety and flexibility of farm and village adjustments are closely tied to existing local techno-socio-economic definitions of the environment and not to central planning statistical insights

20 years of Radical Disaster Interpretations: reflections and aspirations (RADIX @ 20!). Conversation on disasters: deconstructed on 13 October 2021

Purpose: This conversation presents the reflections from five prominent disaster scholars and practitioners on the purpose of Radix – the Radical Disaster Interpretations network – as the authors celebrate its 20th anniversary. / Design/methodology/approach: This paper is based on the conversations that took place on Disasters: Deconstructed Podcast livestream on the 13th October 2021. / Findings: The conversation reflects on personal and professional journeys in disaster studies over the past 20 years and on what needs changing in order to make disaster interpretations more radical. / Originality/value: The conversation contributes to the ongoing discussions around explorations of radical pathways for understanding and preventing disasters

Antidepressant Prevention of Postnatal Depression

A systematic review sought to discover whether antidepressant drugs are effective in preventing postnatal depression. Only two small trials were found and it was not possible to draw firm conclusions

AudioCOMMUNICATOR Reminder Phone Calls to Increase Attendance of Well Child Visits

Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends six well child checks (WCC) between 2 to 15 months. A large pediatric clinic in Southern California has an attendance rate of 86% and a very mobile population. Reminder phone calls have been shown to improve WCC attendance. Aims of Service Change: Improve WCC attendance to \u3e90%. As an interim step, we implemented a pilot project and measured responses to AudioCOMMUNICATOR™ reminder calls. Outcome: In two months 148 calls were made, the majority,74%, went unanswered. 26% were able to schedule an appointment or discharge from the clinic. Discussion: Reminder calls provide a simple way to schedule visits or update information. This technology could be used for other health promotion activities including immunizations, school/sports physicals, developmental screenings, and ADHD follow ups. A system with e-mail and text message capabilities would provide patients and families with other options for reminders, visit scheduling, and updating information

Application of a mixed metal oxide catalyst to a metallic substrate

A method for applying a mixed metal oxide catalyst to a metallic substrate for the creation of a robust, high temperature catalyst system for use in decomposing propellants, particularly hydrogen peroxide propellants, for use in propulsion systems. The method begins by forming a prepared substrate material consisting of a metallic inner substrate and a bound layer of a noble metal intermediate. Alternatively, a bound ceramic coating, or frit, may be introduced between the metallic inner substrate and noble metal intermediate when the metallic substrate is oxidation resistant. A high-activity catalyst slurry is applied to the surface of the prepared substrate and dried to remove the organic solvent. The catalyst layer is then heat treated to bind the catalyst layer to the surface. The bound catalyst layer is then activated using an activation treatment and calcinations to form the high-activity catalyst system

UPPER BODY SEGMENT LENGTHS AS A PROPORTION OF HEIGHT IN CHILDREN

Most research studies in biomechanics directly measure body segment lengths via anthropometry or digitization of joint markers. There are circumstances in which estimating segment lengths in relation to height is desirable, such as in biomechanical modelling or in the classroom. One commonly used model for this purpose is that by Drillis and Contini (1966; cited in Winter, 2005). One problem with this model is that the initial data was derived from adults, and thus has potentially limited applicability to the study of biomechanics in children. The purpose of the present study was to compare actual selected upper body segment lengths measured via anthropometry to those predicted by Drillis and Contini and also to derive regression equations for those segment lengths based on height and age (separately for males and females)

1993 Iowa Agricultural Disaster Preliminary Estimates

On July 27, 1993 a multidisciplinary committee was formed at Iowa State University to provide preliminary estimates for the economic effects of the 1993 floods on Iowa\u27s agricultural enterprises. This report summarizes the committee\u27s initial estimates of the losses by broad economic category; detailed income information was not available at the time the report was written. The report does not provide estimates of lost income due to agribusiness work stoppages nor direct losses of livestock, buildings, fences, and machinery

Communication With Children and Families About Disaster: Reviewing Multi-disciplinary Literature 2015-2017

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To identify strategies for communicating with youth and children pre- and post-disaster in the context of a broader survey of child participation in disaster risk reduction as well as methods for communication with children. RECENT FINDINGS: Youth and children are capable of peer and community education and activism concerning disaster issues and such participation benefits the young actors. Family and sibling support are important in easing the impact of trauma on children. Contemporary forms of psychological first aid appear to do no harm and in line with current evidence. Generally, more evidence from evaluations is necessary to guide the development of communication strategies. Children are growing up in increasingly urban environments with less contact with nature and greater reliance on techno-social systems. Thus, young people may misunderstand natural hazards. Schools and conscious parenting can play important roles in building understanding and psychological resilience

Towards Adult Information Literacy Assessment in Latvia: UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Competency Matrix in Practice

The study presents conclusions regarding the possibility of adapting the UNESCO MIL Competency Matrix and developing methodology for information literacy assessment of the adult population. During field research in a sample territory (Kekava district) and within an adult population target group, the levels of information literacy are assessed, and information literacy education needs are clarified. The research results can be used for the development of diagnostic instruments for regional growth, planning of adult education, elaboration of information literacy training programmes, as well as for self-evaluation of information literacy competencies. The study has been carried out within the framework of the European Social Fund project “Development of Innovative Diagnostic Instruments for Regional Growth”