14 research outputs found
Entwicklung und Aufbau eines funkbasierten Bodensensornetzwerks zur rÀumlich-zeitlichen Erfassung der Bodenfeuchte
Abrupt changes of soil water content variability for various time scales and depths at the catchment scale
Peripheral deposition alpha1-protease inhibitor using commercial inhalation devices.
Patients with hereditary α1âproteinase inhibitor (α1âPI) deficiency are at risk of developing lung emphysema. To prevent the development of this disease, α1âPI replacement therapy via inhalation may be a more convenient and effective therapy than the intravenous administration of the drug. In order to optimise this treatment approach, lung deposition of inhaled radiolabelled α1âPI (Prolastin®) was studied using four different commercial inhalation devices (PARIâLC Star®, HaloLite®, and AKITA® system in combination with LC Star® and Sidestream®) in six patients with α1âPI deficiency and mild-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The time required to deposit 50â
mg of the Prolastin® (5% solution) in the lung periphery was used as a measure for the efficiency of delivery. The time was calculated from measurements of total and peripheral lung deposition of the radiolabelled α1âPI. This time was shortest for the AKITA® system (18–24â
min) and significantly higher for the PARIâLC Star® (44â
min) and the HaloLite® (100â
min). The higher efficiency of drug delivery using the AKITA® system is due to the fact that this device controls breathing patterns, which are optimised for each patient individually
Seasonal and event dynamics of spatial soil moisture patterns at the small catchment scale
The integrated water balance and soil data set of the Rollesbroich hydrological observatory
The Rollesbroich headwater catchment located in western Germany is a densely
instrumented hydrological observatory and part of the TERENO (Terrestrial
Environmental Observatories) initiative. The measurements acquired in this
observatory present a comprehensive data set that contains key hydrological
fluxes in addition to important hydrological states and properties.
Meteorological data (i.e., precipitation, air temperature, air humidity,
radiation components, and wind speed) are continuously recorded and actual
evapotranspiration is measured using the eddy covariance technique. Runoff is
measured at the catchment outlet with a gauging station. In addition,
spatiotemporal variations in soil water content and temperature are measured
at high resolution with a wireless sensor network (SoilNet). Soil physical
properties were determined using standard laboratory procedures from samples
taken at a large number of locations in the catchment. This comprehensive
data set can be used to validate remote sensing retrievals and hydrological
models, to improve the understanding of spatial temporal dynamics of soil
water content, to optimize data assimilation and inverse techniques for
hydrological models, and to develop upscaling and downscaling procedures of
soil water content information. The complete data set is freely available
online (<a href="http://www.tereno.net" target="_blank">http://www.tereno.net</a>,
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.2016.001" target="_blank">doi:10.5880/TERENO.2016.001</a>, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.2016.004" target="_blank">doi:10.5880/TERENO.2016.004</a>, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5880/TERENO.2016.003" target="_blank">doi:10.5880/TERENO.2016.003</a>) and
additionally referenced by three persistent identifiers securing the
long-term data and metadata availability
Lösungsmöglichkeiten von Mehrdepot-Tourenplanungsproblemen mit selbstorganisierenden kĂŒnstlichen Neuronalen Netzen
Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Studies of Ester-Quat Surfactants in the Series of (Dodecanoyloxy)propyl n-Alkyl Dimethyl Ammonium Bromide
Ester-quat surfactants in the series of (dodecanoyl oxy) propyl n-alkyl dimethyl ammonium bromide referred to here as LC3Cm (where m is the hydrocarbon chain lengths 8, 12 and 14) were synthesized and characterized by the usual spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR, MS.). Their physico-chemical properties were investigated by surface tension and conductimetric measurements. From surface tension measurements, isotherms and thermodynamic adsorption parameters were determined. The critical micelle concentration (CMC), the degree of counter ion dissociation (α) of micelles in the water and the standard Gibbs free energy (ÎGm0), of micellization were also determined by conductimetric measurements. The results obtained from both methods were compared to the similar surfactants in the series of quaternary ammonium surfactants. Optical microscopy was also used to study the behavior of anhydrous surfactants and the binary water/surfactant system as a function of temperature.Peer reviewe