108 research outputs found
Scoring lexical entailment with a supervised directional similarity network
Scoring Lexical Entailment with a Supervised Directional Similarity NetworkERC
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Emergent Communication Pretraining for Few-Shot Machine Translation
While state-of-the-art models that rely upon massively multilingual
pretrained encoders achieve sample efficiency in downstream applications, they
still require abundant amounts of unlabelled text. Nevertheless, most of the
world's languages lack such resources. Hence, we investigate a more radical
form of unsupervised knowledge transfer in the absence of linguistic data. In
particular, for the first time we pretrain neural networks via emergent
communication from referential games. Our key assumption is that grounding
communication on images---as a crude approximation of real-world
environments---inductively biases the model towards learning natural languages.
On the one hand, we show that this substantially benefits machine translation
in few-shot settings. On the other hand, this also provides an extrinsic
evaluation protocol to probe the properties of emergent languages ex vitro.
Intuitively, the closer they are to natural languages, the higher the gains
from pretraining on them should be. For instance, in this work we measure the
influence of communication success and maximum sequence length on downstream
performances. Finally, we introduce a customised adapter layer and annealing
strategies for the regulariser of maximum-a-posteriori inference during
fine-tuning. These turn out to be crucial to facilitate knowledge transfer and
prevent catastrophic forgetting. Compared to a recurrent baseline, our method
yields gains of in BLEU score with only NMT
training instances and with NMT training
instances across four language pairs. These proof-of-concept results reveal the
potential of emergent communication pretraining for both natural language
processing tasks in resource-poor settings and extrinsic evaluation of
artificial languages
Determination of milk heat stability by the cup method
Direktne i indirektne metode koje su se do sada primjenjivale za ispitivanje termostabilnosti svježeg mlijeka su tehniÄki složene i iziskuju dosta vremena i rada. Za rutinska ispitivanja autori su konstruirali ÄaÅ”ice zapremine 8 ccm od valjanog aluminija. U ÄaÅ”icu se odmjeri 2 mL mlijeka, zatim, se ova hermetiÄki zatvori poklopcem s navojem i zagrijava u termostatu na 150 Ā°C. Vrijeme do Äasa gruÅ”anja (termostabilnost) ustanovljuje se povremenim promatranjem izgleda mijleka u ÄaÅ”ici. Autori zakljuÄuju da je mlijeko koje ima veÄu termostabilnost od 7 minuta, pogodno za UHT sterilizaciju
Analogy Training Multilingual Encoders
Language encoders encode words and phrases in ways that capture their local semantic relatedness, but are known to be globally inconsistent. Global inconsistency can seemingly be corrected for, in part, by leveraging signals from knowledge bases, but previous results are partial and limited to monolingual English encoders. We extract a large-scale multilingual, multi-word analogy dataset from Wikidata for diagnosing and correcting for global inconsistencies and implement a four-way Siamese BERT architecture for grounding multilingual BERT (mBERT) in Wikidata through analogy training. We show that analogy training not only improves the global consistency of mBERT, as well as the isomorphism of language-specific subspaces, but also leads to significant gains on downstream tasks such as bilingual dictionary induction and sentence retrieval
Preliminary Analysis of Quality of Contour Lines Using Smoothing Algorithms
In this paper several well-known filtering techniques were compared in the purpose of automatic line generalization. The used methods for line simplification are digital first order low-pass filter, Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter and Whittaker filter. Two versions of the algorithm for line feature generalization were tested, from source scale 1:25 000 towards target scale of 1:100 000 and from source scale 1:25 000 towards scale of 1:50 000. Also, GPS data filtering for the target scale 1:50 000 was tested. The first version of the algorithm considers that there are no control data, and the filtering parameter is dictated by the desired accuracy for the target scale. The second version involves control data in the target scale. This means that the optimal value for the filtering parameter is the value for which the difference between input and control data is the smallest. Analysis showed that the SG filter yielded the best results in general. The proposed filters can be considered as a new solution for automated cartographic line simplification
Antibacterial activity of Beta vulgaris L. pomace extract
Antibacterial activity of Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot) pomace extract (concentration 100 mg/ml) was tested against five Gram positive and seven Gram negative bacterial strains (reference cultures and natural isolates). Disc diffusion method with 15 Āµl of extract and agar-well diffusion method with 50 and 100 Āµl were used. Antibiotic (cefotaxime/clavulanic acid) was used as a control sample. The tested extract showed the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, where clear zones (without growth) appeared. There was no any activity against other tested Gram-positive bacteria, except for Staphylococcus epidermidis, with a small zone of reduced growth. Growth of all tested Gram-negative bacteria was inhibited usually with 100 Āµl of extract. The most susceptible were Citrobacter freundii and Salmonella typhymurium. The tested antibiotic gave clear, usually large zones for all tested strains except for Staphylococcus cohni spp. cohni, where only a zone of reduced growth appeared
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of two strawberry cultivars
The macro- and micro-chemical composition, as well as antioxidant activity of two strawberry cultivars, Marmolada and Clery, were studied. Results showed a noticeable difference in the sugar, protein and pectin contents. Clery had 6.92% and Marmolada 4.93% of total sugar. Also, protein and pectin contents were higher in the Clery cultivar. No significant difference was observed in acidity, as well as in ash and cellulose content. Marmolada had a higher content of total phenolics and flavonoids (228.04 mg GAE /100 g FW and 136.01 mg RE/100 g FW, respectively ). The anthocyanins content in Marmolada (32.0 mg CGE/100 g FW) was slightly lower than in Clery (36.0 mg CGE/100 g FW). The antioxidant activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically, using 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity, expressed as EC50 value, of Marmolada (0.77 mg/ml )was higher than of Clery (0.83 mg/ml). There was a significant positive correlation (R2>0.90) between the concentration of phenolics/flavonoids/anthocyanins and DPPH radical scavenging activity of both strawberry cultivars. These results also showed that the antioxidant value of 100 g FW Marmolada and Clery is equivalent to 237.91 mg and 219.01 mg of vitamin C, respectively
Visualisation of the 3D geodata models and their application
U radu se opisuju 3D modeli geopodataka
i njihova primjena. Na geodetskim
planovima i topografskim kartama
najÄeÅ”Äe se primjenjuju metode prikaza
terena (reljefa) pomoÄu kota i izohipsi.
MeÄutim, sa pojavom novih tehnologija
mijenja se naÄin vizualizacije i naglaÅ”ava
koncept 3D modela geopodataka. Pritom,
koriste se razliÄiti pojmovi: digitalni
model visina (DMV), digitalni model
terena (DMT), digitalni model povrŔi
(DMP) i drugo. Infrastruktura i 3D
modeli geopodataka su standardizovani,
ali se vizualizacija i detaljnost sadržaja
mijenja i usklaÄuje prema namjeni i
razmjeri prikaza. Primjena 3D modela
geopodataka u digitalnom obliku (raster
ili vektor) postaje sve viŔe aktuelna i
putem interneta. Zato je važno razlikovati
navedene pojmove i odlike 3D modela
geopodataka kao i moguÄnosti njihove
primjene.This paper describes the 3D geodata
models and their application. On geodetic
plans and topographic maps commonly
applied methods of terrain (relief) by spots
elevation and contour lines. However,
with the advent of new technologies the
way of the visualisation is changing and
highlights the concept 3D geodata model.
Namely, there are different concepts:
digital elevation model (DEM), digital
terrain model (DTM), digital surface
model (DSP) and so on. Infrastructure
and 3D geodata models are standardized,
while the visualization and details of
information change and adjust the needs
and aspect ratio display. Application of
3D geodata models in digital format
(raster or vector) is becoming
increasingly topical over the internet.
Therefore, it is important to distinguish
between certain concepts and features of
3D geodata models and the possibility of
their application
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTIVATED ELDERBERRY FRUIT
This work is consered with the processing value of Elderberry fruit (berries) from domestic plantation selection (HorgoÅ” region). Chemical analyses of reference parameters confirmed high nutritional and physiological value of samples and full validity of work on this selection and production in plantation conditions
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