Comparing Physiological Responses While Walking on a Standard Motorized Treadmill and Curve Treadmill

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An Integrated Coil Form Test Coil Design for High Current REBCO DC Solenoids

REBCO high-temperature superconductors (HTS) are being utilized to extend the limits of dc solenoidal magnetic fields to 32 T in a user magnet. It is reasonable to expect that these field limits will continue to be surpassed resulting in higher stored energy coils. These larger coils will require kilo-amp level currents to reduce their inductance to manageable levels. Lower inductance coils will be necessary to eliminate unacceptably long ramp times and expensive high voltage isolation hardware by reducing inductive charging and quench voltages. A novel high-current coil concept, using an integrated coil form (ICF), is described here. The coil concept is being developed in combination with a high-current flux pump at the University of Cambridge. The first test coil will be charged to 5.6 kA and will demonstrate the ICF coil winding technique, current lead connections, layer transitions, and coil terminations, as well as ramping and quench performance. The test coil design is described

Quantitative genome-wide association study of six phenotypic subdomains identifies novel genome-wide significant variants in autism spectrum disorder

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are highly heritable and are characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Twin studies on phenotypic subdomains suggest a differing underlying genetic etiology. Studying genetic variation explaining phenotypic variance will help to identify specific underlying pathomechanisms. We investigated the effect of common variation on ASD subdomains in two cohorts including >2500 individuals. Based on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), we identified and confirmed six subdomains with a SNP-based genetic heritability h2SNP = 0.2–0.4. The subdomains nonverbal communication (NVC), social interaction (SI), and peer interaction (PI) shared genetic risk factors, while the subdomains of repetitive sensory-motor behavior (RB) and restricted interests (RI) were genetically independent of each other. The polygenic risk score (PRS) for ASD as categorical diagnosis explained 2.3–3.3% of the variance of SI, joint attention (JA), and PI, 4.5% for RI, 1.2% of RB, but only 0.7% of NVC. We report eight genome-wide significant hits—partially replicating previous findings—and 292 known and novel candidate genes. The underlying biological mechanisms were related to neuronal transmission and development. At the SNP and gene level, all subdomains showed overlap, with the exception of RB. However, no overlap was observed at the functional level. In summary, the ADI-R algorithm-derived subdomains related to social communication show a shared genetic etiology in contrast to restricted and repetitive behaviors. The ASD-specific PRS overlapped only partially, suggesting an additional role of specific common variation in shaping the phenotypic expression of ASD subdomains